Table 1.
Classification of tumor antigens.
| Categories | Type of Antigen | Examples | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tumor-specific antigens | Viral antigens | L1, E6, and E7 from human papillomavirus (HPV) | [59,60] |
| HBsAg from hepatitis B virus (HBV) | [61,62] | ||
| Epstein–Barr nuclear antigens (EBNAs) | [63,64] | ||
| Private neoantigens | Differs from each patient | [65] | |
| Public neoantigens | TP53 | [66] | |
| KRAS | [67] | ||
| PIK3CA | [68] | ||
| Histone H3.3 | [69] | ||
| Tumor-associated antigens | Overexpressed proteins | Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 | [70,71] |
| Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) | [72] | ||
| Mucin 1, cell surface associated (MUC1) | [73] | ||
| Tumor protein D52 (TPD52) | [74] | ||
| Mammaglobin A (Mam-A) | [75,76] | ||
| Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2) | [77] | ||
| Differentiation antigens | Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) | [78,79] | |
| Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) | [80,81] | ||
| Prostatic specific antigen (PSA) | [78,82] | ||
| Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) | [83] | ||
| Tyrosinase | [84] | ||
| Glycoprotein 100 (gp100) | [85] | ||
| Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) | [86] | ||
| Cancer testis antigens | MAGE-A | [87,88] | |
| SSX-2 | [89,90] | ||
| NY-ESO-1 | [91,92] |