Table 3.

Therapeutic experimental studies applying FMT in autoimmune diseases. The table summarizes experimental studies in which animal donor stool was applied to ameliorate the onset, slowdown the progression or suppress the symptoms of autoimmune diseases in animal models, namely multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren’s syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus. The table summarizes the main outcome of FMT application and highlights interesting outcome results.

Disorder	Main Outcome	Outcome Details	References
Multiple sclerosis	Successful	A reduction of cord pathology and ameliorated disease severity.	[44]
Multiple sclerosis	Successful	The onset and amelioration of the disease slowed down post-FMT. A decrease of 13 bacterial taxa, an increase of 17 taxa. Numerous bacteria-specific negative and positive correlations described. Reduced clinical scores and cumulative disease scores. Increased expression of a tight junction protein. Decreased expression of neurofilament light chain protein.	[45]
Rheumatoid arthritis	Successful	A positive effect of tuna elastin peptides transmitted by FMT.	[46]
Sjogren’s syndrome	Successful	A donor-specific alteration of gut microbiota. Minimalized disruption of the corneal epithelial barrier. Improved density of the goblet cells. Improved autoreactive CD4+ T cells. Increase of conjunctival goblet cells.	[47]
Sjogren’s syndrome	Successful	Improved corneal barrier function and Sjogren’s syndrome-like phenotype. A decrease of CD4+IFNγ+ cells.	[48]
Systemic lupus erythematosus	Successful	Alleviated systemic lupus erythematosus symptoms after prednisone-regulated gut microbiota FMT. Decreased relative abundance of genera Ruminococcus and Alistipes. Retained relative abundance of Lactobacillus.	[49]
Systemic lupus erythematosus	Successful	Alleviated gut dysbiosis caused by prior antibiotics administration and suppressed SLE progression.	[50]