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. 2022 Sep 8;9(9):303. doi: 10.3390/jcdd9090303

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Developmental landmarks of cardiac development. (A,B) Cells located within the cardiogenic field migrate towards the midline to form a straight heart tube. (C) The heart begins to loop and can be compartmentalized into the primitive atria, atrioventricular canal, primitive ventricle, and outflow tract. Concurrent with heart looping, sheet-like projections called trabeculae begin to form. (D) Once heart looping is complete, septation (division) initiates within the ventricles, atria, and outflow tract. The outflow tract continues to rotate to align the future aorta and pulmonary artery with their respective ventricle. (E) The normal mature heart consists of two atria, two ventricles, four valves, as well as aortic and pulmonary outlets. OFT: outflow tract; AVC: atrioventricular canal; V: primitive ventricle; A: primitive atria; RA: right atria; LA: left atria; RV: right ventricle; LV: left ventricle; APS: aorticopulmonary septum; IVS: interventricular septum; Ao: aorta; PA: pulmonary artery; MV: mitral valve; AoV: aortic valve; TV: tricuspid valve; PV; pulmonary valve; II, III, IV: aortic arches II, III, IV. Created with BioRender.com (accessed on 24 July 2022).