Table 3.

Color of pure CTS/CH, CTS/CH/TiO₂, and different CTS/CH/TiO₂/Gr composite membranes under different ultrasonic power.

	Ultrasonic Powers (W)	Samples
		CTS/CH	10:0	9:1	8:2	7:3	6:4	5:5
L	0	86.54 ± 0.03 Aa	87.78 ± 0.04 Ba	59.40 ± 0.35 Cabc	46.58 ± 0.83 Da	41.40 ± 0.09 Ea	43.54 ± 0.23 Fa	30.79 ± 0.01 Ga
	80	86.53 ± 0.01 Aa	87.50 ± 0.33 Aa	61.03 ± 0.32 Ba	47.05 ± 0.64 Ca	41.60 ± 0.81 Da	38.90 ± 0.93 Eb	34.48 ± 0.27 Fb
	120	86.70 ± 0.05 Aab	87.91 ± 0.01 Ba	58.27 ± 0.07 Cbc	46.08 ± 0.16 Da	41.49 ± 0.12 Ea	39.19 ± 0.04 Fb	39.73 ± 0.55 Fd
	160	87.11 ± 0.12 Ab	88.01 ± 0.01 Aa	57.97 ± 0.97 Bc	46.78 ± 0.45 Ca	41.73 ± 0.10 DEa	40.30 ± 0.09 Eb	42.73 ± 0.04 De
	200	86.76 ± 0.22 Aab	87.88 ± 0.02 Aa	59.98 ± 0.45 Bab	46.91 ± 0.83 Ca	41.42 ± 0.05 Da	30.40 ± 0.07 Ec	38.71 ± 0.05 Fc
a	0	3.34 ± 0.00 Aa	1.98 ± 0.00 Ba	1.04 ± 0.08 Cabc	0.64 ± 0.18 Da	0.66 ± 0.01 Da	1.48 ± 0.05 Ca	1.23 ± 0.01 CDa
	80	3.51 ± 0.01 Ab	2.11 ± 0.03 Bcd	1.32 ± 0.06 Cc	0.75 ± 0.15 DEa	0.65 ± 0.15 Ea	0.79 ± 0.02 DEd	1.10 ± 006 CDb
	120	3.42 ± 0.02 Ac	2.05 ± 0.01 Bb	0.81 ± 0.01 Dab	0.57 ± 0.04 Ea	0.74 ± 0.04 Da	0.87 ± 0.01 Dcd	1.23 ± 0.07 Ca
	160	3.40 ± 0.01 Ac	2.06 ± 0.01 Abc	0.70 ± 0.19 Da	0.80 ± 0.08 Da	0.72 ± 0.04 Da	1.15 ± 0.02 Cb	1.61 ± 0.01 Bc
	200	3.45 ± 0.02 Ac	2.14 ± 0.01 Ad	1.13 ± 0.09 Bbc	0.72 ± 0.15 Ca	0.67 ± 0.04 Ca	0.91 ± 0.02 BCc	1.04 ± 0.00 Bb
b	0	2.11 ± 0.12 Aa	5.41 ± 0.31 Ba	2.48 ± 0.09 Cab	1.18 ± 0.37 Da	1.11 ± 0.01 Da	1.17 ± 0.07 Da	3.01 ± 0.02 Ca
	80	2.05 ± 0.05 Aa	4.85 ± 0.21 Bab	2.78 ± 0.06 Cb	1.39 ± 0.28 Da	1.16 ± 0.35 Ea	1.77 ± 0.05 Db	2.80 ± 0.10 Cab
	120	1.94 ± 0.06 Aa	4.73 ± 0.06 Bb	2.32 ± 0.02 Cab	0.97 ± 0.07 Da	1.26 ± 0.08 Ea	1.90 ± 0.00 Fbc	3.06 ± 0.12 Ga
	160	1.92 ± 0.21 Aa	4.50 ± 0.06 Bbc	2.06 ± 0.28 CDa	1.42 ± 0.16 Ea	1.27 ± 0.05 Ea	2.41 ± 0.03 Cd	1.69 ± 0.02 DEc
	200	1.86 ± 0.04 Aa	3.96 ± 0.04 Bc	2.55 ± 0.09 Cab	1.28 ± 0.34 Ea	1.11 ± 0.10 Ea	1.97 ± 0.01 Dc	2.68 ± 0.03 Cd
ΔE	0	2.47 ± 0.32 Aa	5.97 ± 0.44 Ba	26.30 ± 0.35 Cabc	39.03 ± 0.83 Da	44.20 ± 0.09 ea	42.03 ± 0.23 Fa	45.86 ± 0.01 Ga
	80	2.33 ± 0.06 Aa	5.18 ± 0.07 Bb	24.69 ± 0.32 Ca	38.56 ± 0.64 Da	44.01 ± 0.81 ea	45.71 ± 1.01 efb	47.16 ± 0.28 Fb
	120	2.20 ± 0.08 Aa	5.24 ± 0.06 Bab	27.43 ± 0.07 Cbc	39.53 ± 0.16 Da	44.10 ± 0.12 ea	46.44 ± 0.02 fb	45.93 ± 0.54 Fac
	160	2.25 ± 0.17 Aa	5.04 ± 0.00 Bb	27.72 ± 0.96 Cc	38.84 ± 0.45 Da	43.87 ± 0.11 EFa	45.32 ± 0.09 fb	42.85 ± 0.04 Ed
	200	2.13 ± 0.02 Aa	4.56 ± 0.03 Bb	25.73 ± 0.44 Cab	38.70 ± 0.83 Da	44.18 ± 0.04 Ea	46.20 ± 0.07 fb	46.92 ± 0.05 Fbc

Values with the same letter are not statistically different, according to Duncan’s multiple range test at p < 0.05. a, b, c, d, e and f: mean values with the same letter in the same column are not significantly different (p > 0.05) (t = 7). A, B, C, D, E and F: mean values with the same letter in the same row are not significantly different (p > 0.05) (t = 7).