Table 3.
Factors associated with neuropathic-like pain symptoms (painDETECT score ≥ 13) in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain: results from multivariate logistic regression analysis.
| Variables | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 1.251 | 0.814–1.924 | 0.308 |
| Cardiovascular disease, yes | 0.824 | 0.372–1.828 | 0.635 |
| Mental health problems, yes | 1.216 | 0.873–1.693 | 0.248 |
| Pain duration, ≥12 months | 0.536 | 0.390–0.738 | <0.001 |
| Pain score, NRS ≥ 7 | 1.329 | 0.946–1.866 | 0.101 |
| Opioid usage, yes | 2.961 | 1.860–4.714 | <0.001 |
| Main pain location | |||
| Neck (cervical spine) | 1.000 | ||
| Upper limbs (shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand) |
1.464 | 0.780–2.750 | 0.236 |
| Back (thoracic spine) and chest wall | 1.447 | 0.757–2.766 | 0.264 |
| Low back (lumbar spine) | 0.904 | 0.564–1.448 | 0.675 |
| Lower limbs (hip, knee, ankle, foot) | 2.066 | 1.102–3.872 | 0.024 |
| Sleep disturbance, yes | 2.052 | 1.487–2.831 | <0.001 |
| ASM, kg | 1.046 | 0.977–1.120 | 0.195 |
| SMI, kg/m2 | 0.914 | 0.598–1.395 | 0.676 |
| HGS, kg | 0.976 | 0.960–0.993 | 0.005 |
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; NRS, numeric rating scale; ASM, appendicular skeletal muscle mass; SMI, skeletal muscle mass index; HGS, handgrip strength.