Table 3.
Nutritional and physical activity information in the two intervention groups and mean differences between intervention groups adjusted for baseline levels.
| Vit D N = 77 |
Placebo N = 62 |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Before 20 weeks of gestation | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |
| Sugar drinks (n/week) | 7.7 (12.0) | 5.3 (7.1) | |
| Fiber (n/week) | 29.6 (31.4) | 25.6 (12.2) | |
| Protein (n/week) | 8.8 (10.0) | 8.5 (6.1) | |
| Fat (n/week) | 6.6 (6.0) | 5.9 (4.8) | |
| Carbohydrates (n/week) | 39.0 (38.8) | 32.9 (15.7) | |
| Portion size (n/week) | 20.1 (14.3) | 17.5 (11.2) | |
| Total PA (MET.h/week) | 175.1 (84.2) | 195.8 (116.3) | |
| MVPA (MET.h/week) | 58.2 (53.7) * | 81.0 (77.6) * | |
| Sedentary time (MET.h/week) | 13.5 (10.5) | 13.3 (8.5) | |
| 24–28 weeks of gestation | Vit D N = 70 |
Placebo N = 62 |
Adjusted mean differences Vit D vs. Placebo |
| Sugar drinks (n/week) | 4.2 (4.4) | 4.4 (8.2) | −0.6 (−2.9; 1.7) |
| Fiber (n/week) | 31.7 (19.4) | 35.4 (31.8) | −5.8 (−14.8; 3.3) |
| Protein (n/week) | 7.5 (3.8) | 8.6 (6.4) | −1.4 (−3.2; 0,4) |
| Fat (n/week) | 6.0 (5.6) | 6.5 (7.2) | −0.1 (−2.2; 2.1) |
| Carbohydrates (n/week) | 32.4 (21.4) | 36.6 (40.0) | −6.3 (−12.7; 1.7) |
| Portion size (n/week) | 17.4 (12.4) | 17.0 (21.1) | 0 (−6.2; 6.1) |
| Total PA (MET.h/week) | 163.6 (66.1) | 172.5 (90.2) | −1.3 (−22.2; 19.6) |
| MVPA (MET.h/week) | 58.0 (50.9) | 68.6 (64.3) | −3.1 (−19.7; 13.4) |
| Sedentary time (MET.h/week) | 11.5 (8.1) | 11.8 (7.7) | 2.3 (−0.4; 5.0) |
| 35–37 weeks of gestation | Vit DN = 67 | PlaceboN = 57 | Adjusted mean differences Vit D vs. Placebo |
| Sugar drinks (n/week) | 4.1 (4.9) | 3.6 (4.0) | 0.4 (−1.4; 2.1) |
| Fiber (n/week) | 31.0 (25.5) | 33.9 (20.1) | −4.3 (−12.6; 4.0) |
| Protein (n/week) | 7.9 (6.5) | 8.4 (5.6) | −0.8 (−3.0; 1.3) |
| Fat (n/week) | 7.4 (8.8) | 7.9 (8.6) | 0.3 (−2.5; 3.0) |
| Carbohydrates (n/week) | 30.1 (17.9) | 33.9 (21.7) | −5.5 (−18.2; 5.6) |
| Portion size (n/week) | 18.3 (12.7) | 17.8 (16.7) | −0.2 (−5.5; 5.1) |
| Total PA (MET.h/week) | 133.9 (54.5) | 147.8 (78.3) | −7.0 (−28.1; 14.1) |
| MVPA (MET.h/week) | 37.4 (30.6) | 51.2 (48.8) | −8.3 (−20.9; 4.4) |
| Sedentary time (MET.h/week) | 13.8 (9.2) | 11.5 (7.5) | −0.4 (−2.9; 2.0) |
Definition of calculation of food scores for each time point (n/week) = Frequency/days per week x portions per serving (i.e., portion is the amount of food that can fit into the palm of your hand or equals 200 mL of fluid); sugar drinks: sugar drinks total = fruit juice total + soft drink total; fiber: total fiber = vegetables total + fruit total + whole-grain bread total; protein: protein total = meat and eggs total + fish total; fat: fat total = high-fat milk total + cakes and muffins total + fast food total; carbohydrates: carbohydrates total = cakes and muffins total + fruit total + whole-grain bread total + fruit juice total + soft drink total + potatoes/pasta total; portion size: portion size total = cakes and muffins total + high-fat milk total + fruit juice total + soft drink total + potatoes/pasta total. PA = physical activity, MVPA= moderate to vigorous physical activity.