Figure 3.

Common cardioprotective effects of the plant extract supplementation and SGLT2 inhibitors. The SGLT2i and several phytocomplexes show a similar action to counteract the ROS production caused by hyperglycemia. In particular, they play a key role in the inhibition of the inflammasome, leading to a reduction in inflammation and fibrosis. The downregulation of LDL oxidation and PARP activation lead to the reduction in lipid peroxidation and endothelial dysfunction. PKC—Protein kinase C; OX-LDL—Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein; FFA—Free fatty acids; ROS—reactive oxygen species; TNF-α—Tumour Necrosis Factor α; IL-1β—Interleukin 1 beta; IL-6—Interleukin 6; VEGF—Vascular-Endothelial Growth Factor; ICAM-a—intracellular adhesion molecule a, TGF-β—Transforming Growth Factor Beta; PARP—Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase; LDL—Low-Density Lipoprotein.