Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies.
Study Author, Year | Country | Study Type | Vaccine | Dominant Variant | Study Periods | Age Range | Booster | No booster | Outcome | NOS | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Positive | Negative | Positive | Negative | |||||||||
Paul E Drawz, et al. (2022) [9] | United States | Test-negative case–control design | BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 | Delta | From 29 August 2021 to 27 November 2021 | ≥19 | 1347 | 46,526 | 15,702 | 139,718 | Infection | 6 |
Aditya Sharma, et al. (2022) [10] | United States | Test-negative case–control design | BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 | Omicron | From 1 December 2021 to 12 March 2022 | NA | 4226 | 404,548 | 5356 | 403,418 | Infection | 8 |
Jing Lian Suah, et al. (2022) [11] | Malaysia | Test-negative case–control design | BNT162b2 or CoronaVac or AZD1222 | Delta | From 27 October 2021 to 4 February 2022 | ≥18 | 38567 | 882,109 | 280,560 | 720,077 | Infection | 8 |
Jing Lian Suah, et al. (2022) [11] | Malaysia | Test-negative case–control design | BNT162b2 or CoronaVac or AZD1222 | Omicron | From 5 February 2022 to 22 February 2022 | ≥18 | 135,425 | 424,968 | 171,058 | 224,378 | Infection | 8 |
Adeel A Butt, et al. (2022) [12] | United States | Retrospective cohort study | BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 | Omicron | From 1 January 2022 to 20 February 2022 | ≥21 | 8444 | 454,506 | 10,462 | 452,488 | Infection | 5 |
Nick Andrews, et al. (2022) [13] | England | Test-negative case–control design | ChAdOx1-S or BNT162b2 | Delta | From 13 September 2021 to 5 November 2021 | ≥18 | 17,655 | 143,001 | 159,593 | 234,684 | Symptom | 8 |
Paskorn Sritipsukho, et al. (2022) [14] | Thailand | Test-negative case–control design | CoronaVac or BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1-S | Delta | From 25 July 2021 to 23 October 2021 | ≥18 | 13 | 478 | 181 | 787 | Infection | 5 |
Jill M. Ferdinands, et al. (2022) [15] | United States | Test-negative case–control design | mRNA vaccine | Delta | From 26 August 2021 to 22 January 2022 * | ≥18 | 347 | 13,860 | 8136 | 77,235 | Infection | 6 |
Jill M. Ferdinands, et al. (2022) [15] | United States | Test-negative case–control design | mRNA vaccine | Omicron | From 26 August 2021 to 22 January 2022 * | ≥18 | 1938 | 8993 | 8351 | 11,471 | Infection | 6 |
Note: * In the original tables of the included study, the authors only distinguished between delta-dominated periods and omicron-dominated periods, without specifying the time points of the two periods.