. 2022 Sep 18;23(18):10902. doi: 10.3390/ijms231810902

Table 1.

Characteristics of the included studies.

Study	Study Type	Study Population		Results
Study	Study Type	Cases	Controls	Results
Viganò et al. (2005) [26]	Case-control study	150 women ¹	168 women ²	No difference in genotype frequencies of CTLA4⁺ 49A/G and CT60A/G between endometriosis patients and controls Frequency of the G alleles of CTLA4⁺ 49A/G and CT60A/G genotypes is not associated with parameters of endometriosis manifestation or severity ^a
Lerner et al. (2011) [27]	Case-control study	244 infertile women 177 endometriosis-related ¹ 67 idiopathic ²	172 fertile women ²	No difference in genotype frequencies of CTLA4⁺ 49A/G between patients with minimal-mild and moderate-severe endometriosis No association of CTLA4⁺ 49A/G polymorphisms and endometriosis-related or idiopathic infertility compared to controls ^a
Santoso et al. (2020) [23]	Case-control study	44 infertile women ¹	44 infertile women ²	Higher serum sCTLA4 in late-stage endometriosis compared to early-stage and control groups Higher peritoneal sCTLA4 in endometriosis-related infertility compared to gynecologic control Higher sCTLA4 in late-stage endometriosis compared to the control Positive correlations between serum and peritoneal sCTLA4 concentrations Higher serum and peritoneal sCTLA4 with late-stage endometriosis compared to fallopian- and myoma-related infertility without endometriosis sCTLA4 showed lower diagnostic value (sensitivity 70.45%, specificity 55.17%; cut-off concentration 75.53 pg/mL) Serum sCTLA4 in correlation with EFI score, rASRM endometriosis score and dysmenorrheal symptoms
Abramiuk et al. (2021) [28]	Case-control study	54 women ¹	20 women ²	Higher CTLA4 expression on serum CD8⁺ T cells with endometriosis compared to controls Positive correlation between endometriosis stage and percentage of CD4⁺ T and CD8⁺ T cells Endometriosis-related infertility: negative correlation between number of CD4⁺T and percentage of NKT and NKT-like CD3⁺CD16⁺CD56⁺ cells, as well as CD8⁺ T; positive correlation of number of CD8⁺ T and the percentage of Treg CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3^high Endometriosis and intraoperative adhesions: higher percentages of CD4⁺CTLA4 and CD8⁺CTLA4 T cells Differences in serum sCTLA4 concentration between endometriosis and control group
Liu et al. (2016) [31]	Animal in vitro study	30 mouse endometriosis models (LPTM transplanted with autologous uterine endometrium)	/	Anti-CTLA4 released from PLGA/anti-CTLA4 microspheres sustained a period of long time even in day 24 PLGA/anti-CTLA4, when added to the culture system with ectopic endometrial cells (isolated from the peritoneal fluid of the mouse endometrial model), inhibited proliferation and invasion of endometrial stromal cells through reduced IL-10 and TGF-β secreted by CD4⁺CD25⁺Treg cells

¹ Women with endometriosis diagnosed by laparoscopy and confirmed by histopathological examination. ² Women without signs of endometriosis observed by laparoscopy; ^a Observed by ORs—calculated using allele frequencies and G variants of the polymorphisms as risk factors for the disease; (s)CTLA4 (soluble) cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4, EFI Endometriosis Fertility Index, rASRM revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine score, ORs odds ratios, LPTM laparotomy, PGLA poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid).