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The activation/inactivation cycle and function of small GTPases. GAP binding induces the GTP hydrolysis and inactivation of small GTPases. GDIs sequester small GTPases and mediate intermembrane transport by forming soluble complexes. GEF-mediated nucleotide exchange activates GDP-bound small GTPases. In their GTP-bound form, they interact with effector proteins to trigger downstream signaling events. The most representative functions of small GTPases are listed in the box.
