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. 2022 Sep 14;23(18):10665. doi: 10.3390/ijms231810665

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effects of saponins on angiogenesis suppression. (A) HUVEC proliferation and formation of tubes on a Matrigel was calculated and presented as the total tube length in control and treated groups. (B) Photographs of HUVEC proliferation and tube formation in the control and treated groups. (C) The effect of saponins on the expression of angiogenesis-related genes determined by RT-PCR. (D) Gel electrophoresis of the PCR products from the treated and control cells. The data are shown as the mean ± SEM of three separate experiments. * = p < 0.01 and ** = p < 0.001 compared with the control.