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. 2022 Sep 8;10(9):1803. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10091803

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Expression of proinflammatory mediators and receptors in macrophages treated with fatty acids and challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). (A–N) Relative expression levels of FFAR1, FFAR2, FFAR3, AMPKα, COX-2, TLR2, AhR, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, CCL2, and CCL5 mRNA, respectively, in macrophages. MΦ: control group (macrophages alone); MΦOA, MΦPA, and MΦOA/PA: macrophages treated with OA, PA, or FAs (OA/PA), respectively; MΦLPS: positive control (macrophages exposed to LPS); MΦLPSOA, MΦLPSPA, and MΦLPSOA/PA: macrophages challenged with LPS and treated with OA, PA, or FAs (OA/PA), respectively. The results were obtained from three independent experiments.