Table 4.
List of blast resistance genes deployed for improvement of rice lines using marker-assisted selection (MAS) and marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB).
| S. No. | Gene/QTL | Trait/Resistance | Type of Molecular Marker | Technique/Approach Used | Application/Lines Developed | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Single gene for blast resistance | ||||||
| 1. | Pi1 | Resistance to blast disease | ISSR and SSR | MABB | Marker-assisted backcross breeding for improvement of variety Zhenshan97 A | Liu et al. [185] |
| 2. | Piz | Resistance to blast disease | SSR | MAS | Tightly linked markers with Pi-z locus was applied for screening of germplasm for blast resistance in rice | Fjellstrom et al. [332] |
| 3. | Pita | Resistance to blast disease | Gene-specific to gene | MAS | Applied for detection of Pita gene in 141 rice germplasms and introduction of gene through advanced breeding approaches | Wang et al. [333] |
| 4. | Pi9 | Resistance to blast disease | Gene-specific | Marker aided selection | Introgressed Pi-9(t) resistance gene in the cultivar Luhui 17 | Wen and Gao [334] |
| 5. | Pi39 | Resistance to blast disease | InDel | MABB | Introgressed into Chinese cultivar Q15 | Hua et al. [335] |
| 6. | Pikh | Resistance to blast disease | SSR | MABB | Improvement of Malaysian Cultivar, MR264 by Introgression of Pikh gene | Hasan et al. [336] |
| 7. | Pi40 | Resistance to blast disease | SSR | MABB | Introgressed into elite cultivars Turkish, Halilbey and Osmancik-97 | Beser et al. [337] |
| 8. | Pi-ar | Resistance to blast disease | RAPD | MAS | Introgression of Pi-ar gene using double haploid technique | Araujo et al. [338] |
| Two genes for Blast resistance | ||||||
| 9. | Piz-5, Pi54 | Resistance to blast disease | SSR | MABB | Blast disease resistance genes transferred to develop Pusa 1602 and Pusa 1603 | Singh et al. [356] |
| 10. | Pi1, Piz | Resistance to blast disease | SSR | MABB | Pyramiding of Pi1 and Piz-5 genes into PRR78 | Gouda et al. [340] |
| 11. | Pi1, Pi2 | Resistance to blast disease | SSR | MABB | Introgressed into Intan variety and BPT5204 | Hegde et al. [344] |
| 12. | Pi46, Pita | Resistance to blast disease | SSR | MABB | Introgression of resistance genes into Hang hui 179 (HH179) | Xiao et al. [343] |
| 13. | Pi2, Pi9 | Resistance to blast disease | SNP | MABB | Introgression of blast resistance genes into R179 | Luo et al. [345] |
| 14. | Pi-b and Pik-h | Resistance to blast disease | SSR, RM 208, RM 206 | MABB | Pyramided two blast resistance genes into MR219Malaysian rice variety | Tanweer et al. [327] |
| 15. | Piz-5 and Pi54 | Resistance to blast disease | SSR | MABB | Incorporation of blast resistance into “PRR78”, an elite Basmati rice restorer line | Singh et al. [297] |
| 16. | Pi-2 and Pi-54 | Resistance to blast disease | SSR | MABB | Introgression of blast resistance genes into the genetic background of elite, bacterial blight resistant indica rice variety, Improved Samba Mahsuri | Madhavi et al. [342] |
| 17. | Pi54 and Pi1 | Resistance to blast disease | SSR | MAS | Introgression of blast resistance genes into cold tolerant variety Tellahamsa | Oddin et al. [341] |
| 18. | Pi46 and Pita | Resistance to blast disease | SSR | MABB | Blast resistance genes were introgressed into an elite restorer line Hang-Hui-179 (HH179) | Xiao et al. [343] |
| More than Two genes for Blast resistance | ||||||
| 19. | Pi1, Piz-5, Pita | Resistance to blast disease | RFLP | MAS | Pyramiding of three NILs namely (C101LAC, C101A51 and C101PKT) for blast resistance into a single cultivar CO39, each linecarrying resistance genes Pi1, Piz-5 and Pita, respectively. | Korinsak et al. [169] |
| 20. | Pi1, Pi2, Pi33 | Resistance to blast disease | SSR | MABB | Introgression of multiple blast disease resistance genes into Jin23B | Chen et al. [302] |
| 21. | Pi1, Pi2, Pi33 | Resistance to blast disease | SSR | MAS | Improvement of Russian rice varieties by pyramiding of blast disease resistance genes | Usatov et al. [357] |
| 22. | Pi9, Pizt, Pi54 | Resistance to blast disease | SNP | MABB | Introgression of Pi9, Pizt, Pi54 blast resistance genes into japonica rice 07GY31 | Xiao et al. [343] |
| 23. | Pi1,Pi2, Pi33 | Resistance to blast disease | SSR | MABB | Improving blast resistance in Indian rice variety ADT43 by pyramiding three blast resistance genes | Divya et al. [346] |
| 24. | Pid1, Pib, Pita, Pi2 | Resistance to blast disease | SSR | MAS | Pid1, Pib and Pita genes were introduced into G46B, while Pi2 was introduced into Zhenshan 97B | Chen et al. [230] |
| 25. | Pizt, Pi2, Pigm, Pi40, Pi9, Piz | Resistance to blast disease | SSR | MAS | Introgression of multiple blast resistance genes into Yangdao 6 | Wu et al. [350] |
| Multiple stress tolerance | ||||||
| 26. | Xa21, Piz | Resistance to blast and bacterial leaf blight disease | SSR | MAS | Introgression of Blast and Bacterial leaf blight disease resistance gene | Narayanan et al. [351] |
| 27. | Pi2 and Xa23 | Resistance to blast and bacterial leaf blight disease | SSR | MAS | Introgression of broad-spectrum disease resistance genes into, elite thermo-sensitive genic male-sterile rice line-GZ63-4S | Jiang et al. [182] |
| 28. | Xa21 and Pi54 | Resistance to blast and bacterial leaf blight disease | SSR | MABB | Introgression of BLB and blast resistance into DRR17B, an elite, fine-grain type maintainer line of rice | Balachiranjeevi et al. [348] |
| 29. | Pi1, Pi2, Xa23 | Resistance to blast and bacterial leaf blight disease | SSR | MABB | Introgression of bacterial blight and blast resistance into variety Rongfeng B | Fu et al. [358] |
| 30. | Pi2, Xa21, Xa33 | Resistance to blast and bacterial leaf blight disease | SSR | MABB | Introgressed bacterial blight and blast diseases resistance genes into RPHR-1005 | Kumar et al. [359] |
| 31. | Pi9 Drought | Resistance to blast and drought tolerance | Gene linked markers | MAS | Pi9 has been introgressed into different genetic backgrounds of cultivated varieties, such as indica cultivar Swarna + drought | Dixit et al. [331] |
| 32. | Pi2, Pi54, xa13 and Xa21 | Resistance to blast and bacterial leaf blight disease | SSR | MABB | Introgressed of bacterial blight and blast diseases resistance genes for improving disease resistance traits in Basmati rice varieties | Ellur et al. [352] |
| 33. | Xa21,xa13 and Pi54 | Resistance to blast and bacterial leaf blight disease | Gene-specific | MABB | Pyramiding of bacterial blight and blast diseases resistance into Indian rice variety MTU1010 | ArunaKumari et al. [353] |
| 34. | Xa21, xa13 and Pi54 | Resistance to blast and bacterial leaf blight disease | SSR | MAS | Improvement of Vallabh Basmati 22 by Introgression of Xa21, xa13 genes for Bacterial Blight and Pi54 for Blast disease resistant genes | Srikanth et al. [349] |
| 35. | Xa21, Xa33, Pi2, Rf3 and Rf4 | Resistance to blast and bacterial leaf blight disease | SSR | MAS | Marker-assisted improvement of the elite restorer line of rice, RPHR-1005 for resistance against diseases | Kumar et al. [360] |
| 36. | Xa 5 and 4 blast QTLs | Resistance to blast and bacterial leaf blight disease | SSR | MAS | Introgression of bacterial leaf blight and blast resistance genes into rice cultivar RD6 | Pinta et al. [361] |
| 37. | Xa13, Xa21, Pi54, qSBR11 | Resistance to blast and sheath bight disease | SSR | MAS | Transfer of multiple disease resistance genes for bacterial blight, blast and sheath blight disease in rice | Singh et al. [297] |
| 38. | Pi54, qSBR11-1, qSBR11-2 and qSBR7-1 | Resistance to blast and sheath bight disease | SSR and QTLs | MABB | Introgression of multiple disease resistance genes into a maintainer of Basmati rice CMS line | Singh et al. [347] |
| 39. | Pi2, Pi9, Gm1, Gm4, Sub1, and Saltol | Blast disease, Gall Midge Submergence and Salinity tolereance | SSR and gene linked markers | MAS | Pyramiding of genes/QTLs to confer resistance/tolerance to blast, gall Midge, submergence, and salinity in a released rice variety CRMAS2621-7-1 as Improved Lalat | Das and Rao [362] |
| 40. | Pi9, Xa4, xa5, xa13, Xa21, Bph3, Bph17, Gm4, Gm8 and qDTY1.1 and qDTY3.1 | Blast Bacterial leaf blight Brown planthopperGall midge and QTLs for drought tolerance | Gene based/linked markers | Marker-assisted forward breeding | MAS in combining tolerance to multiple biotic and abiotic stresses in Swarna + drought recurrent parent | Dixit et al. [331] |
| 41. | Pi9, Xa21, Gm8, qDTY1.1, qDTY2.2 and qDTY4.1 | Blast, Bacterial blight (BB), Gall midge (GM) and QTLSs drought tolerance |
Gene based/linked markers | Marker-assisted forward(MAFB) and back cross (MABC) breeding | Introgressed in to Indian elite rice variety, Naveen | Janaki Ramayya et al. [354] |
| 42. | BPH3, BPH24, Pi2, Pi9, Pita, Pib, Xa21Pimh, and badh2 | Brown Plant hopperblast disease, bacterial blight and Aroma | SSR and gene linked markers | MAS | Brown planthopper (BPH), blast, and bacterial leaf blight (BLB) resistance and aroma genes into elite rice maintainers and restorers | Wang et al. [27] |
| 43. | Xa21, Pi54, Pup1 | BB resistance gene, the blast resistance gene, and low soil phosphorous tolerance QTL/gene, | Gene/QTL linked markers | Marker-assisted pedigree breeding | BB resistance gene, the blast resistance gene, and low soil phosphorous tolerance QTL/gene in to MTU 1010 (CottondoraSannalu) | LaxmiPrasanna et al. [355] |