Table 5.
Relative risk of comorbidities of pneumococcal pneumonia and IPD in adolescents and adults ≥ 15 years of age in Liguria, Italy (2012–2018).
| Age (Years) | Pneumococcal Pneumonia | Invasive Pneumococcal Disease | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Relative Risk (95% CI) | p-Value | Relative Risk (95% CI) | p-Value | |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | ||||
| 15–19 | 7.39 (0.77–71.00) | 0.16 † | 0.00 (–) | – |
| 20–39 | 6.39 (2.70–15.09) | <0.01 | 2.97 (0.71–12.45) | 0.15 † |
| 40–64 | 6.91 (4.56–10.49) | <0.01 | 4.22 (2.26–7.85) | <0.01 |
| 65–84 | 7.40 (6.04–9.05) | <0.01 | 2.72 (1.83–4.04) | <0.01 |
| ≥85 | 5.41 (4.10–7.15) | <0.01 | 4.28 (2.13–8.60) | <0.01 |
| Cardiovascular diseases | ||||
| 15–19 | 0.00 (–) | – | 0.00 (–) | – |
| 20–39 | 7.78 (1.89–32.13) | <0.01 | 5.77 (0.79–42.36) | 0.16 † |
| 40–64 | 6.22 (4.26–9.09) | <0.01 | 11.84 (7.95–17.64) | <0.01 |
| 65–84 | 5.90 (4.88–7.15) | <0.01 | 3.22 (2.41–4.30) | <0.01 |
| ≥85 | 10.11 (7.10–14.38) | <0.01 | 7.79 (3.58–16.95) | <0.01 |
| Diabetes | ||||
| 15–19 | 115.82 (12.05–1112.71) | 0.011 † | 0.00 (–) | – |
| 20–39 | 4.50 (0.62–32.68) | 0.20 † | 22.01 (6.68–72.55) | <0.01 † |
| 40–64 | 8.13 (5.59–11.82) | <0.01 | 3.58 (1.92–6.67) | <0.01 |
| 65–84 | 1.89 (1.50–2.38) | <0.01 | 1.72 (1.20–2.45) | <0.01 |
| ≥85 | 2.04 (1.49–2.80) | <0.01 | 1.83 (0.84–3.97) | 0.12 |
| Chronic renal injuries | ||||
| 20–39 | 20.33 (2.80–147.51) | 0.05 † | 0.00 (–) | – |
| 40–64 | 8.52 (3.77–19.23) | <0.01 | 15.66 (7.29–33.64) | <0.01 |
| 65–84 | 5.40 (4.04–7.21) | <0.01 | 5.88 (3.86–8.95) | <0.01 |
| ≥85 | 6.24 (4.68–8.32) | <0.01 | 5.12 (2.49–10.5) | <0.01 |
| Neoplasia | ||||
| 15–19 | 0.00 (–) | – | 0.00 (–) | – |
| 20–39 | 2.04 (0.28–14.83) | 0.39 † | 0.00 (–) | – |
| 40–64 | 2.96 (1.84–4.77) | <0.01 | 4.55 (2.75–7.52) | <0.01 |
| 65–84 | 3.35 (2.74–4.11) | <0.01 | 3.63 (2.69–4.91) | <0.01 |
| ≥85 | 1.39 (0.97–1.99) | 0.08 | 1.09 (0.43–2.80) | 0.80 † |
All data were calculated by univariate analysis. † Application of Fisher’s exact test for <5 cases reported. CI: confidence interval; IPD: invasive pneumococcal disease.