Table 1.

Summary of selected 5 publications from East Asian and 3 from Western countries in the therapeutic drug monitoring of risperidone.

Authors, Published Year (Country, n)	Risperidone/ 9-Hydroxyrisperidone Ratio	Active Moiety ng/mL/mg
Heykants et al. [31], 1994 (N. America, 178)	0.22	9.1
Lee et al. [32], 1999 (Singapore, 20)	0.24	8.6
Lane et al. [34], 2000 (Taiwan, 31)	0.19	9.5
Spina et al. [33], 2001 (Italy, 42)	0.14	9.3
Mihara et al. [35], 2003 (Japan, 85)	0.11	6.6
Chen et al. [36], 2004 (Taiwan, 10)	0.33	6.8
Riedel et al. [37], 2005 (Germany, 82)	0.40	10.7
Yasui-Furukori et al. [38], 2010 (Japan, 51)	0.14	7.3
Total (Mean ± SD)	0.22 ± 0.10	8.5 ±1.5
Ease Asian Mean (Mean ± SD)	0.23 ± 0.08	8.1 ± 1.2
Western Mean (Mean ± SD)	0.22 ± 0.13	8.9 ± 1.7