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. 2022 Sep 14;27(18):5990. doi: 10.3390/molecules27185990

Table 1.

Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis of phyto-compounds in the ethanolic P. nigrum seed extract.

Sr. Rt (min) Peak
Area (%)		 Name of Compound Molecular
Formula		 MW Nature of Compound SI Biological Activity
1 4.76 0.11 D-limonene C10H16 136.23 Natural cyclic monoterpene 97 * Anticancer, Chemopreventive
2 5.54 0.05 Terpineol C10H18O 154.25 Terpineol 94 * Insectifuge, Pesticide
3 6.63 0.02 3-cyclohexene-1 methanol C12H20O2 196.29 Menthane monoterpenoids 92 * ACE-Inhibitor, Aldose-Reductase, Antibacterial, Antiinflammatory
4 9.55 2.87 Caryophyllene C15H24 204.35 Bicyclic sesquiterpenoid 99 * Antitumor, Anti-inflammatory, Antibacterial, Antidermatitic, Antiacne
5 10.69 1.22 Delta-cadinene C15H24 204.35 Bicyclic sesquiterpenoid 96 * Antibacterial, Anticariogenic,
6 10.97 0.08 (1S,2S,4R)-(−)-alpha,alpha-dimethyl-1-vinyl-o-menth-8-ene-4-methanol)/Elemol C15H26O 222.37 Sesquiterpenoids, Tertiary alcohol 91 * Anti acetylcholinesterase, Antiulcer
7 12.14 1.22 Copaene C15H24 204.35 Sesquiterpene 96 * Carminative
8 13.22 0.07 Myristic acid C14H28O2 228.37 Long-chain fatty acids 99 * Antioxidant, Cosmetic, Cancer-Preventive, Lubricant
9 13.90 0.29 Isopropyl myristate C17H34O2 270.50 Fatty acid ester 96 Emollient, Thickening agent, Lubricant [9]
10 15.08 0.14 Hexadecanoic acid methyl ester C17H34O2 270.45 Fatty acid methyl esters 99 Anti-inflammatory [10], Flavor [11], Antioxidant [11], Antibacterial [12]
11 15.88 1.77 N-hexadecanoic acid C16H32O2 256.42 Long-chain fatty acids 96 * Antialopecic, Antioxidant,
Flavor,
12 17.39 0.26 8,11-octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester C19H34O2 294.50 Ester 99 Not activity reported
13 17.59 0.46 Phytol C20H40O 296.50 Acyclic diterpenoids 93 It produces anxiolytic and sedative effects [13], Antioxidant [14]
14 18.74 0.20 2-cis,6-trans-farnesol C15H26O 222.36 Sesquiterpenoids 93 Not activity reported
15 26.76 1.37 Piperine C17H19NO3 285.34 Alkaloids 99 * Analgesic, Antibacterial, Antiinflammatory
16 31.12 0.42 γ-tocopherol C28H48O2 416.70 Methylated phenol 94 * Antioxidant, Anticancer, Antiinflammatory
17 34.33 0.24 Campesterol C28H48O 400.70 Phytosterol 94 * Antioxidant, Hypocholesterolemic

Rt (min): Retention time, Peak area (%): It is the calculated percent area of the selected component compared to the total peak area in the chromatogram. SI (similarity index): For each component in the chromatogram, the spectra stored in the NIST library database are compared, SI: 100 when 100% matched, SI: 0 if completely different. * The biological activities of P. nigrum extract showing as taken from the Duke’s phytochemical and ethnobotanical database.