Table 2.
Pattern of Chest X-ray findings at presentation among Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis cases in Nigeria (Bivariate and Multivariate Logistic Regression) (n = 2555).
| Variables | CXR Findings | cOR (95 CI) | p-Value | aOR (95 CI) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abnormal (n = 865) | Normal/Minimal changes (n = 26) | |||||
| Freq (%) | Freq (%) | |||||
| Sex (n = 2555) | ||||||
| Female | 294 (98.33) | 5 (1.67) | 1 | - | - | |
| Male | 571 (96.45) | 21 (3.55) | 2.163 (0.807–5.793) | 0.125 | - | - |
| Age (years) (n = 2555) | ||||||
| ≤18R | 31 (77.50) | 9 (22.50) | 1 | - | - | |
| 19–28 | 179 (96.24) | 7 (3.76) | 3.67 (0.00–4.11) | 0.998 | - | - |
| 29–38 | 321 (97.57) | 8 (2.43) | 2.212 (0.273–17.925) | 0.457 | - | - |
| 39–48 | 196 (99.49) | 1 (0.51) | 0.90 (0.115–7.985) | 0.969 | - | - |
| 49–58 | 94 (98.94) | 1 (1.05) | 1.796 (0.219–14.73) | 0.586 | - | - |
| 59+ | 44 (100.0) | - | 0.468 (0.029–7.658) | 0.468 | - | - |
| Zone treatment unit (n = 2400) | ||||||
| SWR | 444 (99.55) | 2 (0.448) | 1 | 1 | ||
| SS | 84 (91.30) | 8 (8.70) | 0.315 (0.044–2.259) | 0.251 | 2.676 (0.369–19.418) | 0.33 |
| SE | 42 (91.30) | 4 (8.70) | 6.667 (1.383–32.138) | 0.018 * | 0.198 (0.040–0.980) | 0.047 * |
| NE | 44 (97.78) | 1 (2.22) | 6.667 (1.179–37.682) | 0.032 * | 0.127 (0.022–0.746) | 0.022 * |
| NC | 100 (91.74) | 9 (8.26) | 1.591 (0.141–17.967) | 0.707 | 0.760 (0.065–8.841) | 0.827 |
| NW | 140 (98.59) | 2 (1.41) | 6.300 (1.332–29.787) | 0.020 * | 0.160 (0.033–0.777) | 0.023 * |
| DR-TB category (n = 1897) | ||||||
| MDR | 427 (97.05) | 13 (2.95) | 1 | |||
| RIF Resistant | 38 (92.68) | 3 (7.32) | (0.000 > 1.0 × 1012) | 0.999 | - | - |
| Mono-DR | 194 (97.49) | 5 (2.51) | (0.000 > 1.0 × 1012) | 0.998 | - | - |
| Poly-DR | 17 (100.0) | - | (0.000 > 1.0 × 1012) | 0.999 | - | - |
| Number of previous Treatment (n = 823) | ||||||
| Once | 150 (98.68) | 2 (1.32) | 1 | - | - | |
| Twice | 239 (99.58) | 1 (0.42) | 1.187 (0.106–13.275) | 0.89 | - | - |
| 3 + | 89 (98.89) | 1 (1.11) | 0.372 (0.023–6.017) | 0.487 | - | - |
| Patient group (n = 2477) | ||||||
| Previously treated | 743 (98.41) | 12 (1.59) | 1 | 1 | ||
| New | 105 (88.23) | 14 (11.76) | 8.256 (3.718–18.330) | 0.001 * | 6.962 (2.992–16.199) | 0.001 * |
| HIV Status (n = 1303) | ||||||
| Negative | 265 (96.36) | 10 (3.64) | 1 | - | - | |
| Positive | 108 (95.58) | 5 (4.42) | 1.227 (0.410–3.673) | 0.715 | - | - |
| Diagnosis type (n = 2523) | ||||||
| Clinical | 28 (93.33) | 2 (6.67) | 1 | - | - | |
| Bacteriological confirmed | 811 (97.13) | 24 (2.87) | 0.414 (0.093–1.840) | 0.247 | - | - |
* Statistically significant (p < 0.05) R = Reference. Abbreviations: SW (South West), SS (South South), SE (South East), NE (North East), NC (North Central), NW (North West), HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), CXR (Chest X-ray), cOR (Crude Odd Ratio), aOR (adjusted Odd Ratio).