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. 2022 Sep 8;14(9):1905. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091905

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effect of AS-EVs on expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. (A) RT-PCR analysis of IL-6 and IL-1β mRNA expression in AS-EV-treated cells followed by induction of inflammatory response by LPS treatment. (B,C) The mRNA expression levels IL-6 and IL-1β in AS-EV-treated cells were quantitatively analyzed by qPCR analysis. AS-EVs reduced the expression of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mRNAs. Statistical significance was determined by comparison with the control group not treated with AS-EVs (*** p < 0.005, ns: not significant, n = 3).