Table 10.
General information and characteristics of the candidiasis described for Candida africana.
| Invasive/Noninvasive Candidiasis (n Human Cases/Strains/Isolates) |
Identification Methods |
Imaging Test |
Antifungal Susceptibility |
Antifungal Resistance |
Antifungal Treatment |
Other Treatments (e.g., Probiotics, Natural Compounds, Antivirals) |
Outcome (n) |
Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (invasive) C. africana (n = 2) |
MALDI-TOF MS and PCR | Microscopy | Ketoconazole (one) Fluconazole (one) Itraconazole (both) Amphotericin B (one) |
Ketoconazole (one) Fluconazole (one) Amphotericin B (one) |
NR | NA | Alive | [185] |
|
Candida vaginitis (n = 10) |
PCR-RFLP and sequencing CHROMagar Candida |
Microscopy | Fluconazole | NR | NR | NA | NA | [181] |
| (invasive) C. africana (n = 2) |
CHROMagar and PCR | Microscopy | Amphotericin B, fluconazole, and itraconazole | Fluconazole and itraconazole | NR | NA | NA | [180] |
| (invasive) C. africana (n = 3) |
CHROMagar MALDI-TOF MS | Microscopy | Fluconazole; voriconazole; ketoconazole; amphotericin B; anidulafungin; micafungin | NR | NR | NA | NA | [178] |
| (invasive) C. africana (n = 1) |
CHROMagar and PCR | Microscopy | Amphotericin B, nystatin, fluconazole, itraconazole Voriconazole, clotrimazole, terbinafine | NR | NR | NA | NA | [186] |
| (invasive) C. africana (n = 5) |
CHROMagar and PCR | Microscopy | Caspofungin, anidulafungin, micafungin, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole | NR | NR | NA | All alive | [179] |
| (invasive) C. africana (n = 15) |
CHROMagar and PCR | Microscopy | Fluconazole, itraconazole, miconazole, clotrimazole, | NR | NR | NA | All alive | [187] |
| (invasive) C. africana (n = 4) |
CHROMagar and PCR sequencing | Microscopy | Nystatin, clotrimazole, isavuconazole, ketoconazole, miconazole and posaconazole |
NR | NR | NA | All alive | [177] |
| (invasive) C. africana (n = 15) |
CHROMagar and PCR sequencing | Microscopy | Amphotericin B, nystatin, Itraconazole, miconazole, econazole, and ketoconazole |
NR | NA | Alive (14) Dead (1) |
[183] | |
| (invasive) C. africana (n = 2) |
CHROMagar and PCR | Microscopy | amphotericin B, 5-fluorocytosine, Fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole and caspofungin |
NR | NR | NA | Alive | [188] |
| (invasive) C. africana (n = 1) |
CHROMagar and PCR | Microscopy | Amphotericin B, 5-fluorocytosine fluconazole itraconazole, ketoconazole voriconazole | NR | NR | NA | Alive | [173] |
MALDI-TOF MS: matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectroscopy; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; NR: not reported; NA: nonapplicable.