Table 2.

Clinical characteristics and results of blood tests in endocrine causes of obesity.

Endocrine Disorder	Other Clinical Characteristics	Lab Test Results
hypothyroidism	dry skin and hair, cold intolerance, face edema, bradycardia, delayed reflex timing, low blood pressure with small amplitude, delayed toothing, delayed puberty, goiter, constipation	↑ thyrotropin (TSH) ↓ free thyroxin (fT4) ↓ free triiodothyronine (fT3)
hypercortisolemia	moon face, central obesity, increased blood pressure, wide purple striae, muscular weakness, easy bruising, delayed puberty	↑ cortisol level in 1 mg dexamethasone test ↑ free cortisol in urine
growth hormone deficiency	visceral obesity, low muscle mass, younger than chronological age, appearance of the face, micropenis, delayed toothing	↓ growth hormone secretion in stimulation tests
pseudohypoparathyroidism	round face, short neck, shortening of the metacarpal and metatarsal bones (especially the 4th and 5th bones), features of hypocalcemia, subcutaneous ossification, intellectual impairment, delayed puberty, features of other hormonal disturbances (hypothyroidism, hypogonadism)	↓ calcium ↑ phosphorus ↑ parathyroid hormone (PTH)