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Simplified illustration of the eukaryotic and bacterial pathways of tryptophan degradation in the gastrointestinal tract: Eukaryotic enzymes: IDO (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygemase), TDO (tryptophan 2,3-dioxygemase), TPH (tryptophan hydroxylase), CYP2E1 (cytochrome P450 2E1), SULT (sulfotransferase). Bacterial enzymes: TMO (tryptophan 2-monooxygenase), TrD (tryptophan decarboxylase), ArAT (aromatic amino acid aminotransferase), TNA (tryptophanase), IDO homologs.
