Table 4.

Main studies evaluating IOUS in patients with brain tumors.

Author, Year	Study Type	Patient Population	Conclusion
Jakola et al., 2011 [70]	Retrospective	88 patients with glioma	IOUS improved QOL
Saether et al., 2012 [69]	Retrospective	192 patients with GBM	IOUS improved survival since introduced in their department
Moiyadi et al., 2015 [68]	Prospective	88 patients with glioma	Navigable US improved PFS and OS
Mahboob et al., 2016 [71]	Meta-analysis	739 patients with glioma	IOUS improved EOR
Prada et al., 2016 [72]	Prospective	10 patients with GBM	CEUS was extremely specific in identifying residual tumor
Moiraghi et al.,2020 [73]	Retrospective	60 patients with supratentorial gliomas	N-ioUS improved EOR and neurological outcomes

IOUS: intraoperative ultrasound; QOL: quality of life; GBM: glioblastoma; US: ultrasound; PSF: progression-free survival; OS: overall survival; EOR: extent of resection; CEUS: contrast-enhanced ultrasound; N-ioUS: navigated intraoperative ultrasound.