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. 2022 Sep 13;23(18):10654. doi: 10.3390/ijms231810654

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Main signaling pathways mediated by sex hormone receptors in hepatocytes and their physiological effects. AR, androgen receptor; mPR, membrane progesterone receptor; DHT, dihydrotestosterone; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; PI3K/AKT, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; MEK/ERK, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase; E1, estrone; E2, estradiol; E3, estriol; mER, membrane estrogen receptor; ER, estrogen receptor; GPER G, protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1; AA, amino acid; GLUT2, glucose transporter 2; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor α; IL6, interleukin 6; DGAT, diacylglycerol acyltransferase; SREBPc1, sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c.