Table 2.
Comparison of transport properties for the membranes in the pervaporation separation of azeotropic water/ethanol (4.4/95.6 wt.%) mixture and mixtures close to this composition.
| Membrane | Feed-Water Content, wt.% |
Temperature, °C |
Permeation Flux, g/(m2h) |
Separation Factor (β) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BCP/GO (0.7%) | 4.4 | 22 | 79 | 72 | This study |
| PVA/TEOS | 4 | RT | 30 | 375 | [50] |
| PVA/TEOS/STA (5%) | 4 | RT | 40 | 2949 | |
| PVA/TEOS/STA (10%) | 4 | RT | 52 | 5377 | |
| PVA/TEOS/STA (15%) | 4 | RT | 67 | 8622 | |
| PVA/PVP/PMA (4%) | 4 | 27 | 100 | 10 | [51] |
| NaAlg/HPA (6%) | 4 | 30 | 170 | 60 | [52] |
| P-CS | 3.5 | 30 | 250 | 670 | [53] |
| Alg/DNA-Ca2+ | 3.5 | 40 | 10 | 5500 | [54] |
| Alg/DNA-Mg2+ | 3.5 | 40 | 10 | 6500 | |
| P-SA | 5.2 | 30 | 240 | 2182 | [55] |
| PVA | 6.25 | 45 | 22 | 1143 | [56] |
| PVA/PES | 6.25 | 45 | 33 | 950 |
PVA, polyvinyl alcohol; TEOS, tetraethyl orthosilicate; PES, polyethersulfone; RT, room temperature; STA, silicotungstic acid nanoparticle; P-CS, phosphorylated chitosan; PVP, polyvinyl pyrrolidone; PMA, phosphomolybdic acid; P-SA, phosphorylated sodium alginate; NaAlg, sodium alginate; DNA, deoxyribonucleate; HPA, Preyssler type heteropolyacid H14[NaP5W30O110].