Leucine supplementation from 15M alleviated aging-induced vascular dysfunction. The design of study is shown in (A). Measurements of leucine levels in plasma and aorta are shown in (B,C). Acetylcholine-mediated endothelium-dependent relaxation and SNP-mediated endothelium-independent relaxation are presented in (D,E). Statistical analysis of leucine measurements was performed using one-way ANOVA, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001. Statistical analysis of vascular relaxation curves was performed using two-way ANOVA, * p < 0.05 18M + Leu vs. 2M group, † p < 0.05 21M vs. 2M group, †† p < 0.01 21M vs. 2M group, ††† p < 0.001 21M vs. 2M group, # p < 0.05 18M + Leu vs. 15M + Leu group. All data are presented as mean ± SEM, n = 6/group.