Table 1.
Examples of embelin delivery systems.
| Delivery System | Particle Size (nm) | Application | Outcome | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PEG5K a-embelin conjugate micelles | 20 | 4T1.2 Murine breast cancer cells and PC3 Human prostate cancer xenograft models | Enhanced antitumor effect when used in combination with PTX f in 4T1.2 and PC3 cell lines in vivo. | [49] |
| PEG3.5K a-embelin conjugate micelles | 22 | MDA-MB-231 Human breast cancer cells, 4T1 Murine breast cancer cells, PC3 and DU145 Human prostate cancer cells | Comparable cytotoxic effect to free embelin in all four cell lines in vitro. Synergizes with PTX f in inhibiting cell proliferation in all four cell lines tested in vitro. | [50] |
| Embelin-loaded PEG a-b-p(CB d-co-LA b) micelles | 85.6 ± 1.2 | C4-2 Human prostate cancer xenograft model | Increased tumor regression in combination with CBDIV17 e antiandrogen in vivo | [51] |
| Embelin-loaded PEG a-b-PCD c micelles | 110 | C4-2 Human prostate cancer cells | Enhanced inhibition of C4-2 prostate cancer cell proliferation in vitro | [52] |
| Embelin-loaded PEG a-b-PLA b micelles | 30–50 | LNCaP Human prostate cancer xenograft model | Increased regression of hormone insensitive tumor in vivo | [53] |
| Embelin-loaded PECT g hydrogel | 100 | H22 Mouse hepatic cancer cells and H22 mouse hepatic cancer xenograft models | Increased cytotoxic effect compared to free embelin in vitro. Enhance antitumor efficacy in vivo. | [54] |
| Embelin-loaded HA h-PBAE i-PEI j nanoparticles | 182.7 ± 2.7 | MDA-MB-231 Human breast cancer cells | Enhanced inhibition of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell proliferation in vitro | [55] |
a PEG: Polyethylene glycol; b PLA: Poly lactic acid; PCD: c Poly(2-methyl-2-carboxylpropylene carbonate-graft-dodecanol); d PCB: Poly carbonate; e CBDIV17: {(S)-N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-cyanophenyl)(methyl)amino]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide}; f PTX: Paclitaxel; g PECTgel: Poly{ε-caprolactone-co-1,4,8-trioxa[4.6]spiro-9-undecanone)–poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(ɛ-caprolactone-co-1,4,8-trioxa[4.6]spiro-9-undecanone}; h HA: Hyaluronic acid; i PBAE: Poly[(1,6-hexanediol)diacrylate-β-5-hydroxyamylamine]; j PEI: Polyethyleneimine.