Severe colitis and mortality associated with vitamin C insufficiency and DSS treatment. (A) The survival rate and (B) body weight of wild-type mice (WT, n = 32), vitamin C-sufficient KO mice (KO + VC, n = 32), and vitamin C-insufficient KO mice (KO, n = 34) were traced for 7 days with 3% DSS treatment. * p < 0.05 (WT vs. KO). (C) After DSS treatment for 7 days, colon length was measured in each group (n = 20–24). ns = not significant, * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001. (D) Cross-sections of the colon were stained with H&E, and severity was scored according to the criteria described in Materials and Methods (n = 10). ND = not determined, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01. (E) Colons were longitudinally sectioned and stained with H&E. Scale bar, 200 μm. Statistical significance was determined using the Tukey multiple comparisons test after one-way ANOVA.