Table 4.

Risk factors found among patients with individual candidal infections.

Infection Type/Patient Group	Risk Factors	N (%)
Candidemia, neonates (n = 33)	Prolonged broad spectrum antibiotic	33 (100) *
	Total parenteral nutrition	22 (67) *
	Lower uterine cesarean section	20 (61) *
	Low birth weight	17 (52) *
	Nasogastric feeding	17 (52) *
	O2 therapy	17 (52) *
	Preterm birth	17 (52) *
	Neonatal Jaundice	14 (42) *
	History of septicemia	12 (36) *
	Prolonged rupture of membrane	6 (18) *
	Gestational diabetes mellitus	2 (6)
	Meconium stained liquor	2 (6)
Candidemia, pediatric and elderly (n = 6)	Prolonged broad spectrum antibiotic	6 (100) *
	Sepsis	4 (67) *
	History of taking chemotherapy	3 (50) *
	Malignancy	3 (50) *
	ICU stay (>14 days)	2 (33) *
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (n = 52)	Oral contraceptive pill	28 (54) *
	Recent broad spectrum antibiotic	20 (39) *
	Diabetes mellitus	16 (31) *
	Pregnancy	10 (19) *
Otomycosis (n = 18)	Habitual cleaning	12 (67) *
	Antibiotic or steroid drop use	10 (56) *
	Oil instillation in ear	8 (44) *
	Diabetes mellitus	6 (33) *
	Trauma	2 (11)

* Significantly higher rate (p < 0.01) than other infection type/patient groups