Figure 1.

Schematic representation of following signaling pathways and molecules targeted by fucoidan to exert anticancer activities. Fucoidan from marine algae modulates TGF-β, PI3K/Akt/MAPK and extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways to enhance cytotoxic effects. The aforementioned pathways are deregulated in cancer, resulting in Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, adhesion, drug resistance and metastasis. Fucoidan enhances antimetastatic effects, induces apoptosis, and serves as a potential marine anticancer drug.