Table 3.
In-vitro effect of fucoidan on different cancer cell types.
| Fucoidan Source | Cell Type | Action Mechanism | Action Characteristic | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sargassum pallidum | HepG2, A549, and MGC-803 | Antitumor activity | -Antioxidant | [112] |
| Sargassum tortile | P-388 | Increases cytotoxicity | - | [113] |
| Sargassum micracanthum | Human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) | Anticancer efficacy | - | [114] |
| Undaria pinnatifida | A549 SMMC-7721 NB4, KG1a, HL60, and K562 |
-Induces apoptosis -Inhibit cell proliferation |
Down-regulation of p38, PI3K/Akt, and the activation of the ERK1/2 MAPK pathway -NK-cell ↑ -Livin, XIAP mRNA ↓ Caspase-3,8,9 ↑ Bax-to-Bcl-2 ratio↑ Cytochrome c ↑ -ROS↑ |
[40,115] |
| Fucus vesiculosus | HT-29 MCF-7 MDA-MB-231 Lewis lung A549 H1975 Huh-7 SNU-761 SNU-3085 HL-60 NB4 THP-1 SUDHL-4 OCI-LY8 NU-DUL-1 TMD8 U293 DB |
-Inhibit cell proliferation -Induce cell apoptosis -Inhibit metastasis |
-IRS-1/PI3K/AKT↓ -Ras/Raf/ERK↓ -Caspase-7,8,9 activation, cytochrome c, Bax ↑ Bcl-2↓ -Smad2/3,Smad4↓ -NF-κB↓ -Inhibit VEGF,MMPs -Caspase-3↑ PARP cleavage -ERK1/2, MEK1/2, JNK ↑ |
[59,70,116,117] |
| Sargassum macrocarpum | MDA-MB-231, A549, and HCT116 | Induces ROS-mediated apoptosis | Inhibits STAT3 Signaling |
[118] |
| Sargassum muticum | MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 | Induce apoptosis, antioxidant, and antiangiogenesis effects | - | [119] |
| Sargassum angustifolium | HeLa and MCF-7 | Cytotoxic activity | - | [120] |
| Sargassum cinereum | Caco-2 and HCT-15 | Anticancer and apoptotic effect | Enhances ROS production | [121,122] |
| Sargassum filipendula | HeL | Induces apoptosis | Down-regulates Bcl-2 | [123] |
| Ecklonia cava | CT-26 | Induces apoptosis | Bcl-2/Bax signal pathway | [68] |
| Eisenia bicyclis | SK-MEL-28, DLD-1 | Inhibited the colony formation | - | [124,125] |
| Hizikia fusiformis | PC3 | Induces ROS-dependent apoptosis | Elevated expression of Fas, FasL, Bax and tBid, and decreased expression of Bcl-2 -reduced c-Flip expression and activated caspase-8, -9 and -3, leading to an increment of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage |
[126] |
| Hydroclathrus clathratus | HL-60, MCF-7 | Antiproliferative activity | Induced sub-G1 arrest | [127] |
| Saccharina | DLD-1 | Inhibit cell proliferation | Inhibit the binding of EGF receptor with EGF | [38] |
| T-47D | ||||
| Sargassum | DLD-1 Huh6 Huh7 SK-Hep1 HepG2 |
Inhibit cell proliferation | -Colony formation inhibition -TGF-β R1, 2↓ Phospho-Smad2/3↓ Smad 4 protein↓ |
[38] |
| Cladosiphon | MCF-7 | Induce cell apoptosis | PARP cleavage Caspase-7,8,9 ↑ Cytochrome C, Bax, Bid↑ |
[38] |
| Bifurcaria bifurcata | NSCLC-N6 | Inhibit cell proliferation | The growth arrest is irreversible |
[38] |
| Turbinaria conoides | A549 | -Inhibit cell proliferation -Induce cell apoptosis |
G0/G1 phase arrest | [38] |
| Sargassum latifolium | leukemia (1301 cells) | Chemopreventive activity | Antioxidant capacity | [128] |
| Sargassum glaucescens | MCF-7 HT-29 |
Induce apoptosis | Fragmented the DNA of cancer cells | [129] |
Upwards arrow shows an increase (↑), a downwards arrow a decrease (↓).