AP-1	Activating protein-1
Ang II	Angiotensin II
ATP	Adenosine-triphosphate
AR	Aldose reductase
ACE	Angiotensin-converting enzyme
AKI	Acute kidney injury
ACE	Angiotensin-converting enzyme
α-SMA	α-Smooth muscle actin
BP	Blood pressure
BUN	Blood urea nitrogen
Ca2+	Calcium
cGMP	Cyclic guanosine monophosphate
COX-2	Cyclooxygenase-2
CDKN2a	Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2a
CKD	Chronic kidney disease
CTGF	Connective tissue growth factor
DIR	D1 receptor
D2R	D1 receptor
DIC	Disseminated intravascular coagulation
ER	Estrogen receptor
EGF	Epidermal growth factor
ERK2	Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2
Evs	Extracellular vesicles
ECM	Extracellular matrix
EPO	Erythropoietin
EED	Embryonic ectoderm development
ESRD	End-stage renal disease
eNOS	Endothelial NO synthase
Fos	c-Fos gene
FAK	Focal adhesion kinase
FGF	Fibroblast growth factor
FBG	Fasting blood glucose
GFAT	Glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase
GGT	Gamma-glutamyl transferase
HIF-1	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1
HGF	Hepatocyte growth factor
HSP70	Heat shock protein 70
HG	High glucose
HOTAIR	HOX transcript antisense RNA
HO-1	Heme oxygenase-1
IL-1β	Interleukin-1 beta
IP3	Inositol triphosphate
IGF-I	Insulin-like growth factor-I
IRF3	Interferon regulatory factor 3
IL-6	Interleukin-6
I/R	Ischemia/reperfusion
ICAM	Intercellular adhesion molecule-1
L-dopa	l-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
LysoPC	Lysophosphatidylcholine
LPS	Lipopolysaccharide
LDH	Lactate dehydrogenase
MC	Glomerular mesangial cells
MCP-1	Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
MAPK	Mitogen-activated protein kinases
MAP	Mitogen-activated protein
mTOR	Mammalian target of rapamycin
MyD88	Myeloid differentiation primary response 88
MVD	Microvessel density
MGO	Methylglyoxal
MDCK	Madin-Darby canine kidney
MDA	Malondialdehyde
NF-κB	Nuclear factor NF-kappaB
NO	Nitric oxide
NOS	Nitric oxide synthesis
NKA	Na (+), K (+)-ATPase
NHE	Na+/H+ exchanger
NGF	Nerve growth factor
NADPH	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
NP	p-Nonylphenol
Nrf2	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
NQO1	NAD(P)H:Quinone Oxidoreductase 1
PDGF	Platelet-derived growth factor
PGE2	Prostaglandin E2
PLA2	Phospholipase A2 transcription
PLC-γ1	Phospholipase C-γ1
PAI-1	Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
PTK	Phototherapeutic keratectomy
PKC	Protein kinase C
PAH	Phenylalanine hydroxylase
Pax-2	Paired homeobox-2 gene
Pi	Phosphate
PTH1R	Parathyroid hormone 1 receptor
Pa	Albumin permeability
PRC2	Polycomb repressive complex 2
PKC-βII	Protein kinase C-βII
PTH	Parathyroid hormone
RAGE	Receptor for advanced glycation end products
Ras	Renin–angiotensin system
RCC	Renal cell carcinoma
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
RT	Radiation therapy
SAPK	c-Jun phosphorylation
SMIT	Sodium/myo-inositol cotransporter
SNAP	s-Nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine
SMARCB1	Subfamily B member 1
SHR-SPs	Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats
TGF-β	Transforming growth factor-β
TRPV5	Transient receptor potential vanilloid 5
TLR4-MD2	Toll-like receptor 4- myeloid differentiation 2
TRIF	TIR domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-beta
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor α
TLR-4	Toll-like-receptor-4
UTP	Uridine triphosphate
UUO	Unilateral ureteral obstruction
VPF	Vascular permeability factor
VEGF	Vascular endothelial growth factor
5-HT2A	5-Hydroxytryptamine 2A
15d-PGJ2	15-Deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2