Table 1. Sociodemographic characteristics of the study respondents (N = 200).
| Variable | Results |
|---|---|
| Age (in years), mean (SD) | 57.0 (10.90) |
| Gender, n (%) | |
| Female | 108 (54.0) |
| Male | 92 (46.0) |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | |
| Malay | 122 (61.0) |
| Indian | 51 (25.5) |
| Chinese | 23 (11.5) |
| Others | 4 (2.0) |
| Education level1, n (%) | |
| No formal education | 10 (5.0) |
| Lower education (primary & secondary education) | 151 (75.5) |
| Higher education (tertiary education) | 39 (19.5) |
| Employment status, n (%) | |
| Retired or non-employed | 126 (63.0) |
| Employed | 74 (37.0) |
| Household income2, n (%) | |
| ≤ RM 4,849 | 155 (80.7) |
| RM4,850- RM 10, 959 | 27 (14.1) |
| > RM 10, 960 | 10 (5.2) |
1. According to the 2013 Malaysian Education Statistics, education levels can be divided into lower or higher education levels. Lower education level includes pre-school to secondary education while higher education includes certificate, diploma, undergraduate, and postgraduate programmes.
2. Household income was defined based on the Household Income and Basic Amenities Report 2019, Department of Statistics, Malaysia.