Table 2. Clinical profile of the study respondents (N = 200).
| Variable | Frequency, n (%) | Mean (SD)/ Median (IQR) * |
|---|---|---|
| Duration of T2DM (in years) | 6.0 (10.00) * | |
| ≤ 5 years | 95 (47.5) | |
| > 5 years | 105 (52.5) | |
| Treatment of T2DM | ||
| Single oral antidiabetics agent (OADs) | 52 (26.4) | |
| Two or more OADs | 81 (41.1) | |
| OAD+ insulin | 61 (31.0) | |
| Others: diet | 3 (1.5) | |
| Family history of diabetes | ||
| Yes | 144 (72.0) | |
| No | 56 (28.0) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.3(5.73) | |
| BMI categories | ||
| Underweight/normal (BMI < 22.9) | 24 (12.0) | |
| Overweight (BMI 23–27.4) | 56 (28.0) | |
| Obese (BMI ≥ 27.5) | 120 (60.0) | |
| FBS level1 (mmol/L) | 7.7(3.70) * | |
| ≤ 7 mmol/L | 77 (38.5) | |
| > 7 mmol/L | 123 (61.5) | |
| HbA1c level (%) | 8.0 (2.00) | |
| HbA 1 c grouping 2 | ||
| Uncontrolled (≥ 7%) | 134 (67.0) | |
| Controlled (< 7%) | 66 (33.0) | |
| Blood pressure(mmHg) | ||
| Systolic blood pressure (SBP) | 138.2 (15.60) | |
| Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) | 80.1 (9.17) | |
| Co-morbidities | ||
| Hypertension | 159 (79.5) | |
| Dyslipidaemia | 133 (66.8) | |
| Cardiovascular disease | 17 (8.5) | |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 8 (4.0) | |
| Chronic kidney disease (eGFR <60 mL/min) | 6 (3.0) |
*All continuous data were normally distributed except the duration of T2DM and FBS level.
1. FBS of ≤ 7 mmol/L is considered normal while an FBS of > 7 mmol/L is abnormally deranged (American Diabetes Association, 2021).
2. HbA1c of < 7.0% is considered good glycaemic control while HbA1c ≥ 7.0% is deemed to be poor glycaemic control (American Diabetes Association, 2021).