Table 3.
Predictors of habitual physical activity of HIV patients at initiation of antiretroviral treatment
| PAEE, kJ/kg per day (n = 243) | Mod./vigorous activity, % (n = 243) | Sedentary activity, % (n = 243) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| eB (95% CI) | B (95% CI) | B (95% CI) | |
| HIV status and anaemia | |||
| CD4, cells/μl | |||
| >200 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| 100–200 | 0·82 (0·72–0·93) | −1·9 (−2·9 to −0·8) | 4·1 (1·9 to 6·2) |
| <100 | 0·60 (0·52–0·71) | −3·0 (−4·3 to −1·7) | 6·8 (4·2 to 9·4) |
| Viral load, log(1+copies/ml) | 0·85 (0·80–0·91) | −0·9 (−1·4 to −0·4) | 2·5 (1·4 to 3·5) |
| WHO clinical stage | |||
| Stage I | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Stage II | 0·96 (0·82–1·11) | −0·4 (−1·7 to 0·9) | 0·7 (−1·8 to 3·3) |
| Stage III | 0·80 (0·69–0·93) | −0·7 (−1·9 to 0·6) | 3·4 (0·9 to 5·9) |
| Stage IV | 0·56 (0·44–0·70) | −2·4 (−4·3 to −0·5) | 8·1 (4·3 to 11·8) |
| Tuberculosis or other OI/illness | |||
| None | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Tuberculosis | 0·73 (0·59–0·92) | −1·7 (−3·5 to 0·01) | 5·2 (1·7 to 8·8) |
| Other OI/illness | 1·01 (0·81–1·26) | −0·9 (−2·7 to 0·8) | −0·1 (−3·7 to 3·4) |
| Anaemia | |||
| None | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Grade 1 | 0·79 (0·66–0·95) | −1·5 (−3·0 to 0·1) | 2·2 (−0·8 to 5·3) |
| Grade 2 | 0·62 (0·48–0·79) | −3·6 (−5·6 to −1·5) | 8·9 (4·8 to 12·9) |
| Nutritional status, food security and energy intake | |||
| BMI, kg/m2 | |||
| >18·5 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| 16–18·5 | 0·83 (0·73–0·94) | −1·8 (−2·8 to −0·8) | 2·9 (0·9 to 4·9) |
| <16 | 0·58 (0·46–0·73) | −4·2 (−6·0 to −2·3) | 9·0 (5·3 to 12·6) |
| MUAC, cm | |||
| ⩾ 21 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| <21 | 0·67 (0·58–0·78) | −3·3 (−4·5 to −2·1) | 7·1 (4·7 to 9·5) |
| CAMA | |||
| ⩾25th percentile | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| <25th percentile | 0·80 (0·69–0·92) | −1·7 (−2·9 to −0·6) | 4·4 (2·2 to 6·7) |
| Household food security | |||
| Secure | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Mildly insecure | 2·24 (1·38–3·64)* | 3·1 (0·6 to 5·5) | −4·2 (−9·2 to 0·8) |
| Moderately insecure | 1·87 (1·20–2·91)* | 2·2 (0·02 to 4·4) | −3·8 (−8·2 to 0·7) |
| Severely insecure | 1·54 (0·98–2·42)* | 1·4 (−0·7 to 3·6) | −3·3 (−7·6 to 1·1) |
| Energy intake, MJ/day | 1·00 (1·00–1·00) | 0·2 (−0·1 to 0·4) | −0·04 (−0·4 to 0·5) |
PAEE, Physical activity energy expenditure (effect estimates are back-transformed from log scale); CI, confidence interval; OI, opportunistic infection; BMI, body mass index; MUAC, middle upper arm circumference; CAMA, corrected arm muscle area. Predictors are assessed in individual models adjusted for sex, age and education. PAEE is adjusted for HR economy (walking distance per HR above rest, m/beat). Anaemia grade 1 was defined as haemoglobin (g/l) 105–125 (women) and 117–135 (men). Anaemia grade 2 was defined as haemoglobin (g/l) <105 (women) and <117 (men).
*
Estimates refer to men only (cf. Results section for further details).