TABLE 1.

Characteristics of birthing parent by CS outcome, CA Project Area 2017–2018

	Overall (n = 720)		CS (n = 245)		Non-CS (n = 475)
	n	%	n	%	N	%	p value
Age group							.77
13–19	67	9.3	19	7.8	48	10.1
20–24	178	24.7	57	23.3	121	25.5
25–29	218	30.3	77	31.4	141	29.7
30–34	149	20.7	53	21.6	96	20.2
35+	108	15.0	39	15.9	69	14.5
Race/ethnicitya							.20
Black	82	11.8	31	12.9	51	11.2
Hispanic	366	52.7	117	48.6	249	54.9
White	207	29.8	82	34.0	125	27.5
Otherb	40	5.8	11	4.6	29	6.4
Regionc							.06
North/Sac	70	9.7	16	6.5	54	11.4
Bay Area	57	7.9	15	6.1	42	8.8
Central	426	59.2	159	64.9	267	56.2
South	167	23.2	55	22.5	112	23.6
Ever diagnosed with STDd							.22
Yes	257	35.7	95	38.8	162	34.1
Methamphetamine usee							<.001
Yes	240	33.3	112	45.7	128	27.0
Incarceratione							.13
Yes	120	16.7	48	19.6	72	15.2
Homelessness							<.001
Yes	101	14.0	55	22.5	46	9.7
IDUe							.49
Yes	41	5.7	16	6.5	25	5.3
Partner methamphetamine usee							.01
Yes	193	26.8	81	33.1	112	23.6
Partner incarceratione							.42
Yes	155	21.5	57	23.3	98	20.6
Stage							<.001
Early	287	39.9	128	52.2	159	33.5
Late	433	60.1	117	47.8	316	66.5
Gestational age at first Prenatal Care							<.001
At or before 20 weeks	307	42.6	51	20.8	256	53.9
After 20 weeks	310	43.1	113	46.1	197	41.5
None	103	14.3	81	33.1	22	4.6

Note: Compared with non-CS infants, infants with CS were more likely to be born to birthing parents who used methamphetamine, experienced homelessness, or whose partner used methamphetamine within the prior 12 months. Significant differences were seen with regard to the syphilis stage and timing of prenatal care. Bold values are statistically significant.

Abbreviations: CA, California; CS, congenital syphilis; STD, sexually transmitted diseases.

^aRace/ethnicity missing for 25 females.

^bOther includes American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian/Pacific Islander, Multirace, Other.

^cSan Francisco and Los Angeles are excluded.

^dEver diagnosed with an STD includes diagnosis with chlamydia, gonorrhea, or syphilis.

^eWithin the last 12 month.