Table 7.
Types of main operative procedures recorded for primary hospital admissions of cases of invasive GAS infection by age group and by number of main procedures, England 2008–2010
| OPCS-4 study group* | OPCS-4 study subgroup | No. of primary admissions undergoing ⩾1 main procedure (%†) | No. of primary admissions according to the number of main procedures recorded‡ | Total no. of procedures | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All ages (n = 2997) | 0–15 yr (n = 511) | 16–64 yr (n = 1207) | ⩾65 yr (n = 1279) | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ⩾5 | |||
| Cardiovascular care | Cardiac interventions | 15 (0·5) | 1 (0·2) | 8 (0·7) | 6 (0·5) | 2982 | 12 | 3 | 18 | |||
| Echocardiography | 229 (7·6) | 15 (2·9) | 129 (10·7) | 85 (6·6) | 2768 | 182 | 35 | 6 | 6 | 294 | ||
| Intravenous and intra-arterial procedures | 407 (13·6) | 58 (11·4) | 197 (16·3) | 152 (11·9) | 2590 | 273 | 101 | 18 | 6 | 9 | 612 | |
| Diagnostics | Biopsies | 28 (0·9) | 3 (0·6) | 14 (1·2) | 11 (0·9) | 2969 | 27 | 1 | 29 | |||
| Diagnostic imaging and tests | 882 (29·4) | 116 (22·7) | 410 (34·0) | 356 (27·8) | 2115 | 131 | 267 | 214 | 111 | 159 | 2807 | |
| Gastrointestinal care | Endoscopy or intubation of gastrointestinal tract | 105 (3·5) | 1 (0·2) | 36 (3·0) | 68 (5·3) | 2892 | 76 | 26 | 3 | 137 | ||
| Gynaecology and obstetric care | Female genital tract procedures | 10 (0·3) | 0 (0·0) | 8 (0·7) | 2 (0·2) | 2987 | 8 | 2 | 12 | |||
| Pregnancy and delivery (excluding surgical delivery) | 29 (1·0) | 0 (0·0) | 29 (2·4) | 0 (0·0) | 2968 | 21 | 7 | 1 | 38 | |||
| Renal care | Catheterization and endoscopic examination of bladder | 40 (1·3) | 1 (0·2) | 9 (0·7) | 30 (2·3) | 2957 | 33 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 51 | |
| Dialysis for renal failure | 121 (4·0) | 4 (0·8) | 66 (5·5) | 51 (4·0) | 2876 | 86 | 16 | 6 | 4 | 9 | 230 | |
| Respiratory care | Endoscopy of respiratory tract | 74 (2·5) | 8 (1·6) | 44 (3·6) | 22 (1·7) | 2923 | 57 | 13 | 2 | 2 | 97 | |
| Invasive ventilations and associated procedures | 109 (3·6) | 0 (0·0) | 65 (5·4) | 44 (3·4) | 2888 | 80 | 25 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 146 | |
| Non-invasive ventilations and associated procedures | 274 (9·1) | 38 (7·4) | 135 (11·2) | 101 (7·9) | 2723 | 215 | 48 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 352 | |
| Pleural drainage and respiratory tests | 128 (4·3) | 22 (4·3) | 86 (7·1) | 20 (1·6) | 2869 | 79 | 33 | 10 | 5 | 1 | 201 | |
| Surgery and associated procedures | Abdominal surgery | 72 (2·4) | 3 (0·6) | 55 (4·6) | 14 (1·1) | 2925 | 49 | 15 | 7 | 1 | 104 | |
| Amputations | 55 (1·8) | 1 (0·2) | 27 (2·2) | 27 (2·1) | 2942 | 38 | 11 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 88 | |
| Chest surgery including heart and lung | 21 (0·7) | 5 (1·0) | 13 (1·1) | 3 (0·2) | 2976 | 13 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 35 | |
| Female genital tract and pregnancy-related operations | 36 (1·2) | 1 (0·2) | 34 (2·8) | 1 (0·1) | 2961 | 29 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 46 | ||
| Gastrointestinal tract surgery | 41 (1·4) | 5 (1·0) | 21 (1·7) | 15 (1·2) | 2956 | 31 | 9 | 1 | 52 | |||
| Head and neck surgery | 64 (2·1) | 17 (3·3) | 29 (2·4) | 18 (1·4) | 2933 | 35 | 11 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 125 | |
| Skin surgery | 191 (6·4) | 11 (2·2) | 115 (9·5) | 65 (5·1) | 2806 | 80 | 44 | 22 | 22 | 23 | 469 | |
| Soft tissue and musculoskeletal surgery | 339 (11·3) | 55 (10·8) | 164 (13·6) | 120 (9·4) | 2658 | 171 | 85 | 44 | 19 | 20 | 670 | |
| Unclassified operative procedures | 170 (5·7) | 16 (3·1) | 102 (8·5) | 52 (4·1) | 2827 | 130 | 34 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 221 | |
| Treatment and rehabilitation | High cost drugs | 35 (1·2) | 4 (0·8) | 21 (1·7) | 10 (0·8) | 2962 | 26 | 8 | 1 | 46 | ||
| Injections, infusions and transfusions | 47 (1·6) | 11 (2·2) | 20 (1·7) | 16 (1·3) | 2950 | 40 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 62 | ||
| Other treatments (including anaesthetic drugs) | 54 (1·8) | 9 (0·3) | 30 (1·0) | 15 (0·5) | 2943 | 39 | 14 | 1 | 70 | |||
| Rehabilitation | 35 (1·2) | 0 (0·0) | 6 (0·5) | 29 (2·3) | 2962 | 31 | 3 | 1 | 40 | |||
| Resuscitation | 30 (1·0) | 1 (0·2) | 10 (0·8) | 19 (1·5) | 2967 | 28 | 2 | 32 | ||||
| Any costing group | Any study subgroup | 1688 (56·3) | 231 (45·2) | 794 (65·8) | 663 (51·8) | 1309 | 370 | 333 | 243 | 187 | 555 | 7084 |
GAS, Group A streptococcal; OPCS-4, Office of Population Censuses and Surveys classification of interventions and procedures, version 4.
*
Grouping according to Supplementary Table S3.
†
Cases included from the full dataset (n = 3696) were those with a linked primary hospital admission (n = 3400) after removal of nosocomial cases (n = 403) (n = 3400–403 = 2997).
‡
Zeroes have been omitted for ease of presentation.