Table 2.
Second case-control study results: exposures with an odds ratio >1 and a P value <0·2 in single variable analysis, adjusted for age group and gender
| Exposure | Case | Control | OR | 95% CI | P value | Considered in MVA | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exposed | Unexposed | Exposed | Unexposed | |||||
| Food preparation (handled or cooked within household) | ||||||||
| Burger | 7 | 23 | 7 | 55 | 3·57 | 1·01–12·67 | 0·05 | Y |
| Other beef | 6 | 24 | 6 | 56 | 2·29 | 0·62–8·48 | 0·2 | N |
| Chicken outside the home | 5 | 25 | 3 | 59 | 3·91 | 0·81–18·81 | 0·09 | Y |
| Potatoes bought in sacks* | 6 | 3 | 8·36 | 0·97–71·82 | 0·05 | Y | ||
| Raw celery | 11 | 19 | 13 | 49 | 1·95 | 0·72–5·31 | 0·19 | Y |
| Celery bagged* | 10 | 11 | 2·15 | 0·76–6·09 | 0·15 | N | ||
| Raw leeks | 9 | 21 | 4 | 58 | 7·44 | 1·90–29·11 | 0·004 | N |
| Organic leeks*† | 2 | 0 | 6·18 | 0·47–∞ | 0·16 | N | ||
| Leeks bagged* | 4 | 3 | 3·15 | 0·59–16·87 | 0·18 | N | ||
| Leeks unwrapped* | 5 | 1 | 33·16 | 2·35–467·5 | 0·009 | Y | ||
| Handle raw leeks* | 6 | 1 | 35·34 | 2·63–475·0 | 0·007 | N | ||
| Handle leek packaging* | 4 | 4 | 2·89 | 0·61–13·73 | 0·18 | N | ||
| Swedes | 6 | 24 | 4 | 56 | 3·08 | 0·73–13·01 | 0·13 | N |
| Turnips | 6 | 24 | 3 | 57 | 4·55 | 0·95–21·86 | 0·06 | N |
| Bagged other vegetables* | 7 | 5 | 3·37 | 0·86–13·21 | 0·08 | N | ||
| Eat sponge cake | 9 | 21 | 9 | 53 | 2·93 | 0·90–9·52 | 0·07 | Y |
| Eat raw cake mixture* | 4 | 4 | 2·97 | 0·57–15·46 | 0·20 | N | ||
| Eaten in the last 5 days | ||||||||
| Potato cooked in oven | 12 | 17 | 15 | 35 | 2·00 | 0·68–5·86 | 0·2 | N |
| Cooked leeks (any) | 8 | 22 | 3 | 59 | 9·11 | 1·98–41·80 | 0·004 | N |
| Cooked leeks (home) | 8 | 22 | 3 | 59 | 9·11 | 1·98–41·80 | 0·004 | N |
| Cooked turnip (any) | 7 | 23 | 4 | 58 | 4·87 | 1·13–20·99 | 0·03 | N |
| Cooked turnip (home) | 7 | 23 | 4 | 58 | 4·87 | 1·13–20·99 | 0·03 | N |
| Cream (home) | 9 | 21 | 11 | 51 | 1·97 | 0·67–5·76 | 0·2 | Y |
| Shops | ||||||||
| Butcher's shop | 12 | 18 | 14 | 48 | 2·76 | 0·99–7·67 | 0·05 | Y |
| Corner shop | 7 | 23 | 9 | 53 | 2·23 | 0·69–7·17 | 0·18 | Y |
| Other shop | 7 | 23 | 7 | 55 | 3·89 | 1·02–14·76 | 0·05 | Y |
| Vegetable box† | 2 | 28 | 0 | 62 | 4·95 | 0·38–∞ | 0·2 | Y |
| Combined exposures | ||||||||
| Beef cooked at home | 23 | 7 | 42 | 20 | 1·86 | 0·65–5·34 | 0·2 | N |
| Exposure to raw leek | 10 | 20 | 4 | 58 | 7·88 | 2·08–29·90 | 0·002 | Y |
| Exposure to raw swede | 8 | 22 | 5 | 57 | 4·11 | 1·05–16·09 | 0·04 | Y |
| Exposure to raw turnip | 8 | 22 | 4 | 58 | 5·79 | 1·42–23·54 | 0·01 | Y |
OR, Odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; MVA, multivariable analysis.
†
Estimates obtained using exact logistic regression due to zero cells.
*
Compared to no exposure to that food item.