Figure 4.

SIA‐αTSLs combined with GM‐CSF initiated antitumor immunity and enhanced the immune response. a) Schematic illustration of GM‐CSF recruiting the infiltration of DCs and Abemaciclib inhibiting the proliferation of Tregs. b) The proportion of DCs in the tumor tissue upon injection of NS or GM‐CSF. c,d) Flow cytometry analysis of DC maturation in lymph nodes (gated on CD11c⁺ cells). e,f) Intratumor infiltration of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells (gated on CD3⁺ T cells). g) The levels of intratumor cytokines, including TNF‐α, IFN‐γ, IL‐12, TGF‐β, and IL‐10, were quantified using ELISA. h,k) Percentage of Tregs in CD4⁺ T cells. i) Ratio of CD8⁺ T cells to Tregs. j,l) Percentage of CTLs in CD8⁺ T cells. Data were shown as mean ± SD (n  = 3). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001.