Table 3.
Biofilm formation and its association with antibiotic resistance in UPEC.
| Category | Antibiotics | Biofilm-negative 34 | Biofilm-weak and intermediate 42 | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Resistant no. (%) | Susceptible no. (%) | Resistant no. (%) | Susceptible no. (%) | |||
| Cephalosporin | CTX | 24 (70) | 10 (30) | 27 (64) | 15 (36) | 0.561 |
| CRO | 24 (70) | 10 (30) | 26 (62) | 16 (38) | 0.428 | |
| Carbapenem | IPM | 9 (26) | 25 (74) | 13 (30) | 29 (70) | 0.668 |
| Sulfonamides | SXT | 31 (91) | 3 (9) | 30 (71) | 12 (29) | 0.031 |
| Quinolones | CP | 23 (67) | 11 (33) | 25 (59) | 17 (41) | 0.465 |
| NA | 30 (89) | 4 (11) | 32 (76) | 10 (24) | 0.178 | |
| Aminoglycosides | GM | 9 (26) | 25 (74) | 13 (30) | 29 (70) | 0.668 |
| AN | 4 (11) | 30 (89) | 8 (19) | 34 (81) | 0.387 | |
| Nitrofurans | FM | 7 (20) | 27 (80) | 7 (17) | 35 (83) | 0.661 |
| Genes | Genes | Positive | Negative | Positive | Negative | |
| bla NDM | 5(14) | 29 (86) | 6 (15) | 36 (85) | 0.959 | |
| bla KPC | 0 | 34 (100) | 0 | 42 (100) | — | |
| bla oxa-48 | 2 (5) | 32 (95) | 0 | 42 (100) | 0.111 | |
| bla oxa-23 | 1 (3) | 33 (97) | 1 (2) | 41 (98) | 0.879 | |
| bla VIM | 1 (3) | 33 (97) | 0 | 42 (100) | 0.263 | |
| bla IPM | 0 | 34 (100) | 1 (2) | 41 (98) | 0.365 | |
AN: Amikacin; IPM: Imipenem; FM: Nitrofurantoin; SXT: Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole; CTX: Cefotaxime; GM: Gentamicin; CRO: Ceftriaxone; CP: Ciprofloxacin; and NA: Nalidixic acid.