Table 5.
Crude and adjusted associations between pertussis and occupational, professional contact with children or young adults, and household contact risk factors for adults and teenagers in England
| Group | Variable | Category | Univariable associations | Multivariable models | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M1 | M6* | ||||||||
| uOR (95% CI) | P | aOR (95% CI) | P | aOR (95% CI) | P | ||||
| Demographics | Age quintiles | Q1: 15–32 years | 3·20 (1·82–5·95) | <0·001 | 3·56 (1·86–6·79) | <0·001 | 3·30 (1·68–6·47) | 0·001 | |
| Q2: 33–43 years | 2·83 (1·52–5·28) | 0·001 | 3·23 (1·68–6·22) | <0·001 | 2·41 (1·22–4·79) | 0·012 | |||
| Q3: 44–51 years | 2·24 (1·22–4·13) | 0·010 | 2·38 (1·25–4·52) | 0·008 | 1·83 (0·93–3·61) | 0·081 | |||
| Q4: 52–61 years | 1·42 (0·76–2·68) | 0·275 | 1·54 (0·80–2·98) | 0·204 | 1·46 (0·74–2·84) | 0·272 | |||
| Q5: 62–87 years | Ref. | — | Ref. | — | Ref. | — | |||
| Sex | Male | 1·73 (1·15–2·60) | 0·008 | 1·84 (1·19–2·83) | 0·006 | 1·70 (1·09–2·66) | 0·020 | ||
| Female | Ref. | — | Ref. | — | Ref. | — | |||
| Region | London | 2·49 (1·00–6·22) | 0·051 | 1·98 (0·76–5·11) | 0·160 | 2·09 (0·78–5·58) | 0·141 | ||
| South West | 2·61 (1·24–5·48) | 0·011 | 3·14 (1·43–6·94) | 0·005 | 3·03 (1·36–6·73) | 0·006 | |||
| West Midlands | 1·45 (0·93–2·27) | 0·102 | 1·42 (0·89–2·26) | 0·141 | 1·36 (0·84–2·19) | 0·209 | |||
| Yorkshire & the Humber | Ref. | — | Ref. | — | Ref. | — | |||
| Travel | Recent travel | Yes | 0·76 (0·50–1·17) | 0·222 | 0·67 (0·42–1·07) | 0·094 | 0·68 (0·42–1·10) | 0·119 | |
| Occupation | Social care | Yes | 1·85 (0·63–5·42) | 0·262 | — | — | not included | — | |
| Education | Yes | 0·99 (0·62–1·61) | 0·982 | — | — | not included | — | ||
| Health | Yes | 1·02 (0·55–1·88) | 0·948 | — | — | not included | — | ||
| Patient contact | Yes | 1·20 (0·62–2·35) | 0·589 | — | — | not included | — | ||
| Professional contact with children or young adults | <1 year | 0·30 (0·11–0·86) | 0·025 | — | — | — | 0·24 (0·07–0·76) | 0·015 | |
| Preschool (<5 years) | 0·39 (0·16–0·93) | 0·034 | — | — | — | not included | — | ||
| Primary school (5–11 years) | 0·76 (0·40–1·45) | 0·411 | — | — | — | not included | — | ||
| Young children (<11 years) | 0·66 (0·36–1·21) | 0·183 | — | — | — | not included | — | ||
| Secondary school (11–16 years) | 0·72 (0·35–1·37) | 0·321 | — | — | — | not included | — | ||
| College (16–18 years) | 0·73 (0·40–1·32) | 0·300 | — | — | — | not included | — | ||
| University (18–21 years) | 0·77 (0·43–1·38) | 0·371 | — | — | — | not included | — | ||
| Older children (11–21 years) | 0·87 (0·53–1·42) | 0·569 | — | — | — | not included | — | ||
| Any age | 0·86 (0·55–1·34) | 0·498 | — | — | — | not included | — | ||
| Household contacts | ⩾1 child or young adult | <1 year | 3·12 (0·86–11·34) | 0·084 | — | — | not included | — | |
| 1–4 years | 0·86 (0·42–1·76 | 0·687 | — | — | not included | — | |||
| 5–9 years | 1·38 (0·82–2·13) | 0·256 | — | — | not included | — | |||
| Young children (⩽9 years) | 1·32 (0·82–2·13) | 0·257 | — | — | not included | — | |||
| 10–14 years | 3·25 (1·92–5·50) | <0·001 | — | — | 2·66 (1·48–4·76) | 0·001 | |||
| 15–19 years | 1·50 (0·93–2·42) | 0·094 | — | — | not included | — | |||
| 20–21 years | 1·98 (0·75–5·25) | 0·171 | — | — | not included | — | |||
| Older children (10–21 years) | 2·55 (1·68–3·85) | <0·001 | — | — | not included | — | |||
| Any age (0–21 years) | 1·93 (1·31–2·85) | 0·001 | — | — | not included | — | |||
| Household size | ⩽2 | Ref. | — | — | — | not included | — | ||
| ⩾3 | 1·94 (1·31–2·86) | 0·001 | — | — | not included | — | |||
uOR, Unadjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; Q1–Q5, quintiles 1–5; Ref., reference group.
Values in bold indicate statistical significance (P < 0·05).
*
Variables added to M1 in order of increasing statistical significance according to P value of univariable association, variables retained only if inclusion led to a statistically significant improvement in fit.