Table 3.

Risk of IPD in relation to characteristics of patients with coeliac disease

Subgroup	Observed events	Expected events	HR (95% CI)	P value	Attributable percentage*
Sex
Males	8	11	0·70 (0·33–1·47)	0·35	−43
Females	37	20	1·90 (1·30–2·76)	0·001	47
Age, years†
<20	5	2	2·24 (0·79–6·37)	0·13	55
20–39	6	5	1·18 (0·49–2·85)	0·71	15
40–59	21	12	1·81 (1·11–2·96)	0·018	45
⩾60	13	12	1·08 (0·59–1·98)	0·81	7
Calendar period†
1969–1989	8	6	1·31 (0·60–2·89)	0·50	24
1990–1999	22	14	1·55 (0·96–2·50)	0·07	36
2000–2008	15	11	1·42 (0·81–2·51)	0·22	30

IPD, Invasive pneumococcal disease; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.

Reference is general comparator cohort.

^*Calculated as [1 – (1/HR)] × 100.

^†At coeliac disease diagnosis and corresponding age in controls.