Table 2.

Latent class variable probabilities for a three-class model

	Class 1: Controlling overlap		Class 2: No violence		Class 3: Controlling and physical violence overlap
Predicted class membership (SEa)	0.45 (0.02)		0.42 (0.02)		0.13 (0.02)
Probability of class membership (SEa)
	Victimization	Perpetration	Victimization	Perpetration	Victimization	Perpetration
Physical violence
Slapped/scratched
Never	0.92 (0.01)	0.95 (0.02)	0.97 (0.48)	0.98 (0.01)	0.52 (0.08)	0.63 (0.08)
Occasionally (1–9 times)	0.07 (0.02)	0.05 (0.02)	0.03 (0.01)	0.01 (0.00)	0.42 (0.08)	0.31 (0.08)
Frequently (over 9 times)	0.01 (0.01)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.49)	0.01 (0.00)	0.06 (0.05)	0.06 (0.00)
Bitten/kicked
Never	0.94 (0.02)	0.95 (0.02)	0.98 (0.24)	0.99 (0.24)	0.65 (0.12)	0.73 (0.10)
Occasionally (1–9 times)	0.06 (0.02)	0.05 (0.02)	0.02 (0.02)	0.01 (0.01)	0.27 (10)	0.21 (0.09)
Frequently (over 9 times)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.24)	0.00 (0.24)	0.08 (0.09)	0.06 (0.05)
Pushed/shoved/grabbed
Never	0.87 (0.03)	0.89 (0.03)	0.97 (0.02)	0.98 (0.01)	0.45 (0.12)	0.59 (0.10)
Occasionally (1–9 times)	0.13 (0.03)	0.11 (0.03)	0.03 (0.02)	0.02 (0.01)	0.44 (0.10)	0.35 (0.10)
Frequently (over 9 times)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.11 (0.12)	0.06 (0.05)
Hit with fist/object
Never	0.99 (0.00)	0.99 (0.00)	0.99 (0.00)	1.00 (0.00)	0.91 (0.12)	0.95 (0.04)
Occasionally (1–9 times)	0.01 (0.00)	0.01 (0.00)	0.01 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.08 (0.06)	0.04 (0.04)
Frequently (over 9 times)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.01 (0.00)	0.01 (0.02)
Twisted arm/bent back fingers
Never	1.00 (0.00)	1.00 (0.00)	1.00 (0.00)	1.00 (0.00)	0.91 (0.06)	0.96 (0.04)
Occasionally (1–9 times)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.08 (0.06)	0.02 (0.03)
Frequently (over 9 times)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.01 (0.00)	0.02 (0.03)
Threatened with knife/gunb
Never	1.00 (0.00)	1.00 (0.00)	1.00 (0.00)	1.00 (0.00)	0.95 (0.05)	0.98 (0.04)
Occasionally (1–9 times)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.04 (0.05)	0.01 (0.02)
Frequently (over 9 times)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.01 (0.02)	0.01 (0.04)
Controlling behaviors
Checking your phone
Never	0.18 (0.03)	0.24 (0.03)	0.77 (0.03)	0.81 (0.03)	0.04 (0.03)	0.14 (0.07)
Occasionally (1–9 times)	0.65 (0.03)	0.66 (0.03)	0.22 (0.03)	0.17 (0.03)	0.34 (0.09)	0.42 (0.07)
Frequently (over 9 times)	0.17 (0.03)	0.10 (0.02)	0.01 (0.00)	0.02 (0.01)	0.62 (0.10)	0.44 (0.08)
Limited contact w/friends
Never	0.51 (0.04)	0.71 (0.03)	0.96 (0.01)	0.98 (0.01)	0.16 (0.07)	0.39 (0.11)
Occasionally (1–9 times)	0.44 (0.04)	0.29 (0.03)	0.04 (0.01)	0.02 (0.01)	0.55 (0.09)	0.50 (0.10)
Frequently (over 9 times)	0.04 (0.02)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.29 (0.08)	0.11 (06)
Stopped from meeting people
Never	0.51 (0.04)	0.68 (0.03)	0.96 (0.02)	0.97 (0.01)	0.12 (0.06)	0.35 (0.11)
Occasionally (1–9 times)	0.46 (0.04)	0.32 (0.03)	0.04 (0.02)	0.03 (0.01)	0.51 (0.09)	0.50 (0.10)
Frequently (over 9 times)	0.03 (0.01)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.37 (0.09)	0.15 (0.07)
Asked where/who you were out with
Never	0.02 (0.01)	0.09 (0.02)	0.66 (0.04)	0.70 (0.04)	0.00 (0.00)	0.09 (0.07)
Occasionally (1–9 times)	0.62 (0.04)	0.65 (0.04)	0.33 (0.04)	0.29 (0.04)	0.15 (0.06)	0.37 (0.08)
Frequently (over 9 times)	0.36 (0.04)	0.26 (0.07)	0.01 (0.00)	0.01 (00)	0.85 (0.06)	0.54 (0.08)

^aStandard error

^bNo participant answered “Over 9 times” to this item