Table 2.
Demographic and baseline characteristics
| Overall n = 436 | ERAS-C n = 206 | ERAS-N n = 230 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, n (%) | 0.719 | |||
| Male | 344 (78.90) | 161 (78.16) | 183 (79.57) | |
| Female | 92 (21.10) | 45 (21.84) | 47 (20.43) | |
| Age in years, median (IQR), year | 54 (47–66) | 55 (47–66) | 54 (46–67) | 0.400 |
| BMI, median (IQR) | 23.23 (21.01–26.18) | 23.17 (21.02–26.38) | 23.63 (21.16–25.92) | 0.378 |
| Diagnosis | 0.249 | |||
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | 381 (87.39) | 184 (89.32) | 197 (85.65) | |
| Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma | 55 (12.61) | 22 (10.68) | 33 (14.35) | |
| Comorbidity, n (%) | ||||
| Cirrhosis | 199 (45.64) | 98 (47.57) | 101 (43.91) | 0.821 |
| Hypertension | 71 (16.28) | 41 (19.90) | 30 (13.04) | 0.053 |
| Stroke | 8 (1.83) | 3 (1.46) | 5 (2.17) | 0.841 |
| Diabetes | 89 (20.41) | 43 (20.87) | 46 (20.00) | 0.821 |
| Coronary disease | 22 (5.05) | 8 (3.88) | 14 (6.09) | 0.294 |
| COPD | 30 (6.88) | 17 (8.25) | 13 (5.65) | 0.284 |
| Child–Pugh liver function classification, n (%) | 0.906 | |||
| A | 119 (27.29) | 55 (26.70) | 64 (27.83) | |
| B | 262 (60.09) | 126 (61.17) | 136 (59.13) | |
| C | 55 (12.61) | 25 (12.14) | 30 (13.04) | |
| TNM stage, n (%) | 0.197 | |||
| I | 155 (35.55) | 68 (33.01) | 87 (37.83) | |
| II | 239 (54.82) | 113 (54.85) | 126 (54.78) | |
| III | 42 (9.63) | 25 (12.14) | 17 (7.39) | |
| Albumin, median (IQR), g/dL | 42.96 (37.89–49.39) | 42.20 (30.14–49.90) | 44.90 (37.99–49.59) | 0.415 |
| Total bilirubin, median (IQR), μmol/L | 13.12 (8.31–22.71) | 14.30 (8.81–22.68) | 11.80 (8.16–23.12) | 0.565 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase, median (IQR), IU/L | 25.00 (16.66–45.70) | 26.00 (17.16–46.10) | 23.50 (16.30–45.00) | 0.654 |
| Type of hepatectomy, n (%) | 0.886 | |||
| Single segmentectomy | 133 (30.50) | 65 (32.55) | 68 (29.57) | |
| Two combined segmentectomies | 163 (37.39) | 75 (36.4) | 88 (38.26) | |
| Major hepatectomy | 140 (32.11) | 66 (32.04) | 74 (32.17) | |
| Tumor size, median (IQR), cm2 | 8.52 (3.21–13.98) | 9.00 (3.02–13.43) | 8.41 (3.24–14.08) | 0.770 |
| ASA classification, n (%) | 0.370 | |||
| I | 24 (5.50) | 8 (3.88) | 16 (6.96) | |
| II | 334 (76.61) | 161 (78.16) | 173 (75.22) | |
| III | 78(17.89) | 37 (17.96) | 41 (17.83) | |
| Anesthesia time, mean ± SD, min | 206.45 ± 55.86 | 201.62 ± 53.58 | 212.19 ± 60.67 | 0.821 |
| Intraoperative blood loss, median (IQR), mL | 200 (100,430) | 200 (100,400) | 210 (100,450) | 0.220 |
Continuous data are described as the mean and standard deviation or as the median and interquartile range, and categorical data are described as numbers with percentages
ERAS-C enhanced recovery after surgery compliant, ERAS-N enhanced recovery after surgery noncompliant. IQR interquartile range, BMI body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared), COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, TNM tumor node metastasis, ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists