Table 6.
Univariate and multivariate analyses of the associations between compliance with ERAS components and major complications
| Major complications by ERAS component | Implemente Event, No./Total No. (%) | Not Implemented Event, No./Total No. (%) | OR (95% CI) | P value | Multivariate Estimated Outcome | Recommendation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Preoperative counseling and patient education | 57/417 (13.70) | 4/19 (21.05) | 0.594(0.190–1.852) | 0.5691) | – | ns |
| 2. Preoperative optimization | 56/414 (13.53) | 5/22 (22.73) | 0.532 (0.189–1.499) | 0.3701) | – | ns |
| 3. Preoperative nutritional screening and support | 45/392 (11.48) | 16/44 (36.36) | 0.227 (0.114–0.452) | 0.0001) | < 0.001 | Nutritional support |
| 4. Avoid bowel preparation | 54/402 (13.43) | 7/34 (20.59) | 0.599(0.248–1.442) | 0.2481) | – | ns |
| 5. Avoid fasting | 44/362 (12.15) | 17/74 (22.97) | 0.467(0.249–0.874) | 0.015 | 0.007 | Avoid fasting |
| 6. Preoperative carbohydrate loading | 41/357 (11.48) | 20/79 (25.32) | 0.383(0.210–0.699) | 0.001 | 0.423 | ns |
| 7. Avoidance of preanesthetic medication | 54/400 (13.50) | 7/36 (19.44) | 0.647(0.270–1.549) | 0.325 | – | ns |
| 8. Antimicrobial prophylaxis | 58/419 (13.84) | 3/17 (17.65) | 0.750(0.209–2.690) | 0.931 | – | ns |
| 9. Preoperative prophylactic analgesia | 51/382 (13.25) | 10/54 (18.52) | 0.283(0.147–0.545) | 0.306 | – | ns |
| 10. Avoidance of a nasogastric tube | 57/416 (13.70) | 4/14 (28.57) | 0.480 (0.202–1.136) | 0.238 | – | ns |
| 11. Prevention of intraoperative hypothermia | 13/148 (8.78) | 48/288 (16.67) | 0.481 (0.252–0.921) | 0.025 | 0.089 | ns |
| 12. Laparoscopic approach | 17/315 (5.40) | 44/121 (36.36) | 0.100(0.054–0.184) | 0.000 | < 0.001 | Laparoscopic approach |
| 13. No routine abdominal drainage | 51/353 (14.45) | 10/83 (12.05) | 1.199 (0.636–2.261) | 0.571 | – | ns |
| 14. No routine urinary catheter | 41/297 (13.80) | 20/133 (15.04) | 0.905 (0.570–1.614) | 0.735 | – | ns |
| 15. Multimodal postoperative analgesia plans | 40/333 (12.01) | 21/103 (20.39) | 0.533 (0.298–0.954) | 0.032 | 0.014 | Multimodal analgesia |
| 16. Postoperative early oral intake | 36/259 (13.90) | 25/177 (14.12) | 0.982 (0.566–1.702) | 0.947 | – | ns |
| 17. Postoperative nutritional screening and support | 9/121 (7.44) | 52/315 (16.51) | 0.406 (0.194–0.853) | 0.014 | 0.115 | ns |
| 18. First 24-h fluid balance < 2000 mL | 11/139 (7.91) | 50/297 (16.84) | 0.425 (0.214–0.844) | 0.012 | 0.007 | First 24-h fluid balance < 2000 mL |
| 19. Antithrombotic prophylaxis | 18/167 (10.78) | 43/269 (15.99) | 0.478 (0.258–0.888) | 0.018 | < 0.001 | Antithrombotic prophylaxis |
| 20. Early mobilization | 29/317 (9.15) | 31/119 (26.05) | 0.286 (0.163–0.500) | 0.000 | < 0.001 | Early mobilization |
Categorical data are described as numbers with percentages
1)Continuous correction chi square test
ERAS enhanced recovery after surgery, POD postoperative day, OR odds ratio