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. 2022 Sep 23;12:15900. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-19438-4

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Muscle conditioned media from ovariectomized animals increases osteoclast size. (A–C) Bone marrow macrophages were treated with M-CSF and RANKL to induce osteoclast differentiation. At the time of RANKL addition cultures were also given 5% Krebs (Control) or muscle conditioned media from sham-operated or ovariectomized animals. (A) Average number and (B) average size of TRAP positive multinuclear cells and (C) average size of demineralized area. (D) MC3T3-E1 cells were grown to confluency and then induced to differentiate with the addition of ascorbic acid. Krebs (Control) or muscle conditioned media from sham-operated or ovariectomized animals was given at the same time as ascorbic acid. Von Kossa assay was done to measure percent mineralization of cells treated with 5% Krebs (control), Sham or OVX muscle conditioned media. *Significantly different from Control; ^#Significantly different from Sham Media.