Table 3.
PPCS symptoms changes.
| HBOT | Control | P-value baseline | Net effect size* | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Post | Change | Three months P-value | Pre | Post | Change | Three months P-value | |||
| N | 13 | 7 | ||||||||
| HBI | ||||||||||
| Total HBI score | 60.7 ± 16.2 | 68.6 ± 15.9 | 7.9 ± 10.7 | 0.020 | 58.2 ± 20.9 | 68.1 ± 17.2 | 9.9 ± 12.8 | 0.086 | 0.784 | −0.17 |
| Cognitive score | 40.6 ± 22.2 | 53.2 ± 20.4 | 12.6 ± 19.1 | 0.035 | 35.3 ± 23.7 | 42.5 ± 16.8 | 7.1 ± 22.5 | 0.433 | 0.644 | 0.27 |
| Somatic score | 62.7 ± 30.7 | 74.9 ± 24.1 | 12.3 ± 18.5 | 0.035 | 71.4 ± 21.0 | 84.1 ± 15.3 | 12.7 ± 23.1 | 0.196 | 0.531 | −0.02 |
| Emotional score | 70.9 ± 19.2 | 73.5 ± 17.3 | 2.6 ± 21.6 | 0.676 | 67.7 ± 27.1 | 74.1 ± 25.0 | 6.3 ± 14.9 | 0.303 | 0.774 | −0.19 |
| Behavior score | 57.8 ± 25.8 | 64.7 ± 25.0 | 6.8 ± 17.8 | 0.190 | 51.9 ± 28.6 | 64.0 ± 25.9 | 12.2 ± 15.1 | 0.077 | 0.657 | −0.32 |
| BC-PSI | ||||||||||
| BC-PSI physical score | 72.0 ± 26.6 | 81.9 ± 18.7 | 9.9 ± 17.9 | 0.069 | 68.4 ± 24.1 | 79.6 ± 12.9 | 11.2 ± 20.6 | 0.199 | 0.780 | −0.07 |
| BC-PSI cognitive score | 64.1 ± 18.3 | 74.4 ± 15.5 | 10.3 ± 11.4 | 0.007 | 50.0 ± 27.5 | 63.1 ± 12.5 | 13.1 ± 24.0 | 0.199 | 0.210 | −0.17 |
| BC-PSI emotional score | 71.5 ± 17.9 | 78.5 ± 16.1 | 6.9 ± 11.1 | 0.044 | 62.9 ± 24.9 | 78.6 ± 24.2 | 15.7 ± 16.2 | 0.042 | 0.406 | −0.68 |
| BC-PSI fatigue Score | 60.6 ± 29.8 | 69.2 ± 24.3 | 8.7 ± 24.1 | 0.221 | 66.1 ± 22.9 | 82.1 ± 19.9 | 16.1 ± 22.5 | 0.108 | 0.691 | −0.31 |
| PedsQL | ||||||||||
| Psychosocial health summary score | 67.1 ± 13.3 | 76.3 ± 16.3 | 9.2 ± 13.2 | 0.027 | 56.4 ± 26.1 | 63.6 ± 21.5 | 7.1 ± 10.8 | 0.132 | 0.268 | 0.17 |
| Physical functioning | 77.4 ± 21.4 | 80.3 ± 20.8 | 2.9 ± 9.4 | 0.291 | 70.5 ± 20.2 | 79.0 ± 15.2 | 8.5 ± 10.5 | 0.076 | 0.517 | −0.57 |
| Emotional functioning | 64.6 ± 18.0 | 72.7 ± 23.3 | 8.1 ± 23.5 | 0.239 | 60.7 ± 30.4 | 67.1 ± 31.6 | 6.4 ± 12.5 | 0.222 | 0.737 | 0.08 |
| Social functioning | 84.6 ± 13.7 | 91.5 ± 10.3 | 6.9 ± 14.1 | 0.102 | 69.3 ± 36.1 | 75.7 ± 34.3 | 6.4 ± 14.6 | 0.289 | 0.213 | 0.04 |
| School functioning | 51.9 ± 24.5 | 64.6 ± 27.3 | 12.7 ± 17.5 | 0.023 | 39.3 ± 21.8 | 47.9 ± 15.3 | 8.6 ± 21.7 | 0.337 | 0.293 | 0.22 |
Baseline comparison of p-values test the null hypothesis of equal means of the two groups at the baseline using an unpaired t-test; three months comparison of p-values test the null hypothesis of equal means of each group pre-post intervention (HBOT/sham respectively) using a paired t-test; bold, P < 0.05, net effect size is the subtraction of Cohen’s D effect size of the control group from the HBOT group Cohen’s D effect size.