Table 1.
Main sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the Malmö and Uppsala SCAPIS study sites included in the current study
| Malmö(n = 3811) | Uppsala(n = 4772) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age | 57.4 (4.3) | 57.7 (4.4) |
| Sex: female | 2009 (52.7%) | 2451 (51.4%) |
| Place of birth | ||
| Scandinavia | 2976 (78.1%) | 4295 (90.0%) |
| Non-Scandinavian Europe | 543 (14.2%) | 184 (3.9%) |
| Asia | 202 (5.3%) | 193 (4.0%) |
| Other | 90 (2.4%) | 100 (2.1%) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.2 (4.5) | 27.0 (4.4) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 122 (16.4) | 125 (15.9) |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate | 84.5 (12.1) | 87.0 (11.5) |
| Smoking status | ||
| Current | 640 (16.8%) | 431 (9.0%) |
| Former | 1460 (38.3%) | 1461 (30.6%) |
| Never | 1678 (44.0%) | 2638 (55.3%) |
| Missing | 33 (0.9%) | 242 (5.1%) |
| Fiber intake, g/kcala | 0.012 (0.004) | 0.012 (0.004) |
| Coffee intake | ||
| <1 times/d | 518 (13.6%) | 580 (12.2%) |
| 1–2 times/d | 1291 (33.9%) | 1384 (29.0%) |
| 3–4 times/d | 1431 (37.5%) | 2116 (44.3%) |
| >4 times/d | 548 (14.4%) | 672 (14.1%) |
| Missing | 23 (0.6%) | 20 (0.4%) |
| Any antibiotics, last 12 months | 786 (20.6%) | 896 (18.8%) |
| Hypertension medicationb | 775 (20.3%) | 883 (18.5%) |
| Cholesterol medicationb | 319 (8.4%) | 352 (7.4%) |
| Diabetes medicationb | 170 (4.5%) | 161 (3.4%) |
| Dispensed prescription for metformin, last 12 months | 163 (4.3%) | 143 (3.0%) |
| Dispensed prescription for omeprazole, last 12 months | 452 (11.9%) | 396 (8.3%) |
Continuous variables are provided as mean (standard deviation) and categorical variables as n (%).
aFiber intake, adjusted for total energy intake.
bSelf-reported medication last 2 weeks.