Fig. 5. Simulated large-scale crossbar array for artificial striate cortex with binocularity and orientation selectivity.

a Schematic of SNN for the orientation selectivity simulation. b The finial color maps of 9 × 9 cortical synapse arrays in normally rearing condition of orientation selectivity simulation, including two arrays for left and right eyes. c The evolution of synaptic weights as a function of simulation time, where the upper and lower behalf are corresponding to left and right eyes. d The evolution of postsynaptic firing frequencies and network threshold as a function of simulation time. It is clearly that only ${\rho }_{\mathrm{y}}^{90}$ is larger than firing threshold which means the vertical is the selected orientation. e–j Similarly, the simulation results of monocular deprivation and binocular deprivation.