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. 2022 Aug 20;12(2):200–211. doi: 10.34172/hpp.2022.25

Table 4. Unadjusted and adjusted coefficients (95% confidence intervals, CI) of factors associated with perceived risk of contracting Coronavirus (COVID-19) during the pandemic among Sub-Sahara African respondents .

Variables Unadjusted (B) Coefficient (95% CI) Adjusted (β) Coefficient (95% CI)
West Africa East Africa Central Africa Southern Africa West Africa East Africa Central Africa Southern Africa
Demography
Age category in years
18-28 Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
29-38 1.43 (0.13, 2.74) 3.68 (0.45, 6.90) 2.57 (-0.38, 5.52) 0.16 (-1.84, 2.16) _ _ _ _
39-48 1.21 (-0.15, 2.58) 1.90 (-1.73, 5.52) 0.46 (-2.74, 3.66) 1.41 (-0.81, 3.62) _ _ _ _
49+ 1.56 (-0.16, 3.29) 4.64 (0.88, 8.41) 0.64 (-4.10, 5.40) 0.93 (-1.61, 3.46) _ _ _ _
Gender
Males Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
Females -1.27 (-2.31, -0.22) 0.61 (-2.00, 3.23) 0.18 (-2.14, 2.50) -0.04 (-1.65, 1.56) _ _ _ _
Marital Status
Married Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
Not married -0.54 (-1.58, 0.50) -0.97(-3.54, 1.61) 0.84 (-1.66, 3.35) 0.96 (-2.59, 0.67) _ _ _ _
Highest level of Education
Postgraduate degree (Masters /PhD) Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
Bachelor’s degree -1.28 (-2.45, -0.11) 0.83 (-2.17, 3.82) 0.90 (-1.85, 3.64) 0.68 (-1.15, 2.50) _ _ _ _
Secondary/Primary -1.96 (-3.40, -0.52) -0.08 (-3.85, 3.69) 1.09 (-2.04, 4.21) -1.50 (-3.73, 0.73) _ _ _ _
Employment status
Employed Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
Unemployed -0.79 (-1.90, 0.31) -1.81 (-4.54, 0.92) 0.25 (-2.06, 2.55) -1.41 (-3.10, 0.28) _ _ _ _
Religion
Christianity Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
Others -0.23 (-1.78, 1.31)" -0.62 (-4.98, 3.73) 2.10 (-1.52, 5.71) 2.21 (-0.55, 4.96) _ _ _ _
Occupation
Non-health care sector Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
Health care sector 1.46 (0.26, 2.66) 1.24 (-4.61, 2.13) 0.94 (-2.06, 3.95) -0.51 (-2.70, 1.69) 1.09 (0.26, 1.92) _ _ _
Number living together
 < 3 people Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
4-6 people 0.04 (-1.28, 1.35) 0.98 (-1.97, 3.92) -2.38 (-5.44, 0.69) -0.61 (-2.57, 1.34) _ _ _ _
6+ people 0.82 (-0.88, 2.52) 2.46 (-1.40, 6.32) -3.02 (-6.33, 0.28) -0.26 (-2.91, 2.39) _ _ _ _
Are you currently or have you been in self-isolation because of COVID-19?
No Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
Yes 0.22 (-0.55, 0.99) -0.19 (-2.09, 1.71) 1.22 (-0.72, 3.17) -0.06 (-1.30, 1.18) _ _ _ _
Home quarantined due to Covid-19?
No Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
Yes 0.29 (-0.44, 1.02) -1.93 (-3.70, -0.17) 1.81 (-0.05, 3.67) -0.53 (-1.73, 0.66) _ _ _ _
Do you live alone during COVID-19?
No Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
Yes 0.49 (-0.85, 1.82) -1.10 (-4.41, 2.22) 0.95 (-1.92, 3.82) -0.53 (-2.58, 1.52) _ _ _ _
How much worried are you about COVID-19?
Very worried Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
Somehow worried -10.2 (-11.37, -9.05) -6.64 (-9.65, -3.63) -5.46 (-8.23, -2.68) -6.19 (-8.04, -4.34) -6.34 (-7.27, -5.41) -6.56 (-8.79, -4.34) -6.28 (-8.57,-4.00) -6.37 (-7.84,-4.91)
Not at all -6.40 (-7.57, -5.23) -10.27 (-12.98, -7.56) -9.53 (-12.13, -6.95) -8.98 (-10.76, -7.21) -6.57 (-7.53, -5.62) -6.24 (-8.34, -4.15) -6.51 (-8.70, -4.31) -6.06 (-7.51, -4.60)
How do you feel about the self-isolation? 
Anxious
No Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
Yes 0.07 (-1.13, 1.27) 0.87 (-1.97, 3.72) -2.60 (-5.60, 0.40) -0.83 (-2.82, 1.16) _ _ _ _
Bored
No Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
Yes 0.40 (-0.89, 1.70) -1.66 (-4.55, 1.24) -1.38 (-4.81, 2.06) 0.42 (-1.58, 2.43) _ _ _ _
Frustrated
No Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
Yes 0.73 (-0.45, 1.91) -2.26 (-5.18, 0.66) -1.89 (-4.57, 0.79) -0.16 ( -2.14, 1.83) _ _ _ _
Angry
No Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
Yes -0.24 (-1.75, 1.27) -3.40 (-6.72, -0.08) -0.23 (-3.02, 2.56) -0.01 (-2.48, 2.47) _ _ _ _
Knowledge 2.57 (2.39, 2.75) 2.75 (2.36, 3.14) 2.46 (2.04, 2.88) 2.57 (2.25, 2.88) 2.35 (2.18, 2.52) 2.53 (2.15, 2.91) 2.29 (1.88, 2.70) 2.38 (2.08, 2.68)

0.00 = Reference; CIs excluding 0.00 are statistically significant variable. For each region, a linear regression model was conducted with mean score for risk perception scores for contracting COVID-19 as the outcome variable. However, only the significant variables after adjusting for potential confounders were presented