Table 2.
Effects of MR in human studies.
| Studied condition | n value | Met concentration | Age (yr) | Sex (M/F) | BMI (kg/m2) | Intervention duration | Effects | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Obese subjects | 26 | 33 mg Met/kg body weight/day | 44–53 | 6/20 | 32.9–38.9 | 16 wks | Fat oxidation ↑; intrahepatic lipid content ↓; energy expenditure - |
[114] |
| Adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum | 11 | Free | 48–78 | 8/3 | 24.6 ± 3.1 | 8 wks | Fed state plasma methionine ↓; BMI -; plasma albumin -; plasma prealbumin concentration - |
[258] |
| Metastatic solid tumors | 12 | 2 mg Met/kg/day | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | 8–39 wks | Plasma methionine ↓; BMI ↓; plasma albumin - | [264] |
| Healthy, normal-weight subjects | 14 | 0.93 g Met/Cys for women, 1.19 g Met/Cys for men |
20–40 | 4/10 | 20–25 | 7 days | Plasma methionine ↓; urinary cysteine and taurine ↓; plasma SCD -; total cholesterol ↓ |
[265] |
| Overweight or obese subjects | 20 | Met/Cys 1.6 g/day | 23–40 | 0/20 | 24.7–34.7 | 7 days | Subcutaneous adipose tissue ↓; serum FGF21 ↑ | [266] |
| Healthy, normal-weight subjects | 14 | 0.93 g Met/Cys for women, 1.19 g Met/Cys for men |
20–38 | 4/10 | 21.0–26.6 | 7 days | Fatty acids ↑; median glucose concentrations ↓ |
[267] |
| Healthy subjects | 6 | 2.92 mg/kg/day | 49–58 | 1/5 | 27.6 ± 4.32 | 3 wks | Plasma methionine, NAC and glutathione ↓ |
[259] |
| Overweight and obese subjects | 23 | 1.4 g Met/day | 37.8–42.2 | 6/17 | 30.3–31.1 | 6 months | Vitamin B12 intake ↓; folate intake ↑; homocysteine concentrations - |
[244] |
| Normal-weight subjects | 72 | Vegan/vegetarian diets | 32–46 | 36/36 | 21.9–26.1 | At least 1 yr | Plasma FGF21 ↑; leptin/adiponectin concentrations - |
[48] |
| T2D | 37 | Plant protein diets | 62.2–66.4 | 24/13 | 28.4–31.8 | 6 wks | Uric acid ↓; glycated haemoglobin ↑; diastolic blood pressure ↑; fasting non-esterified fatty acid ↑; insulin sensitivity -; fasting glucose - |
[102] |
| Not mentioned | 48 | Lacto-ovo vegetarians | 19.8–37 | 16/32 | Not mentioned | 2–29 yrs | Erythrocyte SOD activity ↓; serum vitamin B12 ↓; serum MDA ↓ |
[268] |
| Healthy subjects | 61 | Lacto-ovo vegetarians/vegan | 25.3–43.9 | 61/0 | 19.8–26.4 | Not mentioned | Plasma homocysteine ↑; plasma vitamin B12 ↓ |
[245] |
a Symbol: ↑ means increase; ↓ means decrease; - means no effects.
b M means male; F means female.